The text comprises considerations on the changes in the national identification of Silesians after World War II. The pivotal line of argument will be based on twentieth century population statistics and corresponding politics of the German and Polish authorities. What is crucial, and what analysts fail to mention, is a constant, unaltered identification of Silesians on an ethnic level. A national identity was imposed by the policies of the countries on the territory of which Silesia was located and had a varying character. It was only in 2002 that Silesians began to term their group a nation, what caused misunderstanding and disturbance. The identification of Silesians has not changed, they just started calling their group differently. The dominant group has not yet consented to it.