A history of the Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements on what is now known as the island of Santorini (Thera) has been investigated in details in the second half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the results of these studies were published only in the local foreign language magazines. The article aims to familiarize a Polish reader with this completely exotic theme, as seen from the viewpoint of the Polish research milieu, which however remains extremely important for the study of the periods in question in Europe. The article provides an overview of this occupation. Firstly, it discusses the Neolithic settlements followed by those dated to Early Bronze Age, itself divided into three periods: Early Cycladic I, II, III. Secondly, the island occupation of the island during the Middle and Late Cycladic periods has been brought up. The abandonment of the city of Akrotiri in the Late Cycladic phase was caused by the eruption of Thera volcano. This event marks the beginning of a long hiatus in the island occupation.