The work focuses on the origin and evolution of one-class elementary school in Ruská Kajňa while we try to clarify the realization of the academic process also in the period of the 19th and 20th century, where a dominant position in the school sector still maintains the church and state. On the basis of quantity archive material, period literature and secondary sources we describe main trends of origin of general school which was officially in the village from the 1929 and participated in cultural, social and educational evolution of children and adults until the beginning of 90’s 20th century when thanks to the influence of rationalization, savings and the constant decline of children has ceased.