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This article deals with movies made during the fascist era which are treating the topic of colonial expansion. I tried to analyse these films to find out if they were primarily racist and what message the fascist directors wanted to give to the public. I discovered that the films were mostly meant to justify the Italian intervention rather than to denigrate the African natives. In the movies the key...
The essay examines the role of primitive art and “non-artistic” genres in the works of the American poet Elizabeth Bishop. Bishop, similarly to other authors, believed that primitive artists and the authors of works which art not primarily intended as art can “naturally” achieve effects which artists have difficulties achieving intentionally. Bishop’s translation of The Diary of “Helena Morley” and...
In its introductory part, the present article traces the development of a distinct genre of Muslim American literature (MAL) both within and outside of the overlapping categories of Arab-American and African-American literature. Having introduced two MAL representatives of Syrian and Pakistani origin, Mohja Kahf and Ayad Akhtar, the article focuses on the comparison of their acclaimed debut novels —...
The article focuses on the penultimate novel of Julian Barnes, The Noise of Time, and attempts to interpret it within the larger context of the author’s work. The author of the article argues that this novel is by no means a deviation from Barnes’s course, set out in the previous novels, but rather a continuation of topics he examined. The genre of a historical novel allows him to play out the drama...
The article focuses on one of Kafka’s short parables written in September 1920 and published for the first time in 1936. The text tells — from the first person plural perspective — about a group of five friends, and a sixth person who vainly seeks entrance into their brotherhood. The article discusses Kafka’s “analysis” of the inclusionary and exclusionary dynamics of this group formation, as well...
The article focuses on the topic of collective perception and the literary representation of the relationship between the white man and the native woman in fascist Italy. The sexist undertone of propaganda songs from the time of the Second Italian-Ethiopian War soon was in contradiction with the rising racist views in Italian society that led to the compulsory segregation of white and indigenous people...
This paper surveys the principles according to which futurists and cubofuturists created their works of art (predominantly paintings and sculptures), and focuses on the conscious use of these rules in the early poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky. This is shown in detail on two of Mayakovsky’s poems dating from 1913, В Авто and Из улицы в улицу. The linguistic analysis comprises especially Mayakovsky’s...
The paper aims to draw attention to the way of achieving transculturation in the novel Deep Rivers (Los ríos profundos) by the Peruvian author J. M. Arguedas. Apart from the linguistic and cultural layer of the novel, the article also brings light to the less studied layer of genre: lyricization, intrinsic to both the indigenous and the Spanish tradition, becomes a point of contact between the two...
European civilization is based on the continuous conflict between the awareness of the universally valid laws, on the one hand, and the experience or requirements of the individual, on the other. This conflict is the source of the genre of tragedy. Modern era is characterized by the always stronger defense of the individual rights. The fact that even the strict rule of general requirements could not...
The clash of traditional Arab society with the modernity in a form of colonization served as a source of tremendous confusion. The novel Voices (1972) by Egyptian writer Sulayman Fayyad is the first Arab novel which approaches the topic of the interaction between “Us” and “The Others” in a completely different way. The Voices are unprecedented metaphor of the relationship between “Us” and “The Others”...
The essay focuses on the examination of the child or adolescent presence in the Italian adult fiction. Using text analysis it shows the role that the child or adolescent assume, on the semantic and also on the formal level. Special attention is dedicated to the representation of girl as a textual subject, which disposes of unique characteristics in contemporary Italian novel. Still in contemporary...
The study deals with the way of the selection and apropriation of modern European literature in Czech journalism. The Czech point of view was formed by the aesthetics of Parnassism, and the modern literary movements were interpreted in this context. The Czech debate on Modernity was marked by personal animosities and, after 1900, it was sceptical towards the productive possibilities of this type of...
The article focuses on Borges’s texts on anti-semitism and on his story „The Secret Miracle“. Borges’s texts from the 1930s and 1940s, starting with the statement „I, the Jew“ (1934), go beyond the immediate reaction to the political situation in Argentina. Borges sees the Jewish tradition (including its hermeneutic method of the kabbalah) as embodiment of the principle of diversity, contrasting with...
The article overviews the genesis of the Brazilian War of Canudos and tries to shed some light upon Euclides da Cunhaʼs way of fighting the scientific racism that condemned Brasil as a country of unbounded miscigenation. Starting from Gumplowitzʼs theory of „historic race“, Euclides da Cunha shows that the autochtonous inhabitants of sertão, separated from the coast as it was, actually did not form...
The article focuses on the topic of racism in Luis Sepúlveda’s novel The Old Man Who Read Love Stories. The epicenter of the literary work is El Idilio, a small settlement founded by the colonists in the Amazon rainforest. The disputes between the new incomers (white men or people of mixed race), and the indigenous peoples from the Ecuadorian rainforest is the principal conflict of the coexistence...
The text is focused on Alfonso Reyes’s statement on the race question and racial prejuidice. In Hispanic America, people from different worlds, with habits and traditions that diverge, coexist. This fact does not consitute an obstacle, on the contrary, the multicultural society is considered by Alfonso Reyes to be fundamental for the cultural identity of the area. Hispanic America, in comparison with...
The present study deals with the interpretation of Philip Roth’s most experimental novel The Counterlife, considered by many critics as the best text of Roth’s postmodern period. The novel is an exploration of various attempts to start a new — different life, and each of its five chapters presents a new way, thus denying the preceding chapter. There are several key themes in the novel: the exploration...
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