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The main theme of this discussion is the subject matter of products called food supplements which are also known as a supplementary food in U.S. The purpose of taking those products is intended to supplement the human food diet and provide some nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, fiber etc. that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantities in a person's diet. The food supplement...
Talking about the economic crisis in Europe, the so called ‘European sovereign debt crisis’ (also referred as the Eurozone crisis) is an ongoing problem which most Member States of the EuropeanUnion (further referred as the EU) have been dealing with. Resulted from a combination of complex factors, it is claimed that the landmark – apart from easy credit conditions in a period of 2002–2008 that encouraged...
The Gloss endorses Supreme Court's judgment from 20 X 2011 r.,( IV KK 137/11), which relates to extent of duty to redress the damage caused by unlawful arrest and to that, if it is possible, in proceeding regulated by the 58th section of Code of Criminal Procedure, to obtain reimbursement of legal representation costs under Article 632§ 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Glossator held’s that the...
"Dyadic death" called an expanded and post-aggresive suicide is the suicide made after the murder. Its essence boils down to the fact that the suicide is closely related to motivation and causation of the pre-made murder or assassination. It should be noted that the offender before the event decides to broaden the circle of people for whom death seems to him/her a necessity. The closest...
The Judgment of Supreme Administrative Court which ruled main problem held in Regional Administrative Court in many years. Legal issue regards to alienation of premises in contract of annuity in five year period from acquisition as a source of taxation. Author disagree with ruling of Supreme Administrative Court and showing different salvation of this legal problem. Court focused on three legal problems:...
The Supreme Administrative Court in the ruling of the 12th of May 2011 resolved the problem related to the status of the homeowner in the administrative procedure concerning the act of registration or deregistration. The Court ruled that the homeowner is entitled to act as a party in such proceeding and his legal interest derives from that provisions of the Civil Code and the Constitution Act, which...
The article presents general remarks regarding a contract for vesting of property. This form of contract was implemented in the Civil Code by means of alteration which came into force on 11th October 2008. The alteration replaced the possibility of unilateral abandonment of the legal right to one’s property. Firstly, the abandonment of one’s property has been presented as a proprietorship attribute...
This article identifies key problems connected with imposing a value added tax on re-invoicing the costs of utilities relating to rental agreement. I throws doubt on whether all the supplies which the landlord makes to the tenant constitute a single supply from the point of view of VAT. Author discusses possible classification of above -mentioned transaction for VAT purposes (i.e. as an autonomous...
Cybersquatting is defined as the practice of registering internet domains that include individual designations of an enterprise, for instance its trademark. This action may be considered both as an unfair business practice as well as an infringement of laws protecting the trademarks. Nowadays, as the Internet is getting more and more popular on a massive scale, cybersquatting is posing a threat that...
Civil partnerships legalization requires an opinion based on ethics as well as based on analysis which makes possible to describe the results and measure costs of the introduction of civil union to Polish law-system. Economic analysis seems to be a proper way to achieve that. Civil partners possess attributes typical for homo œconomicus - rational man/consumer. They owe individual preferences which...
Taxpayers` rights protection is an issue that requires a lot of attention nowadays. It is a subject of many debates, researches and controversy. However, taxpayers` rights are commonly considered as one of the main foundation of every tax system. Instruments protecting the rights of taxpayers can be found in international law, at the constitutional level, in national legislation and mainly in substantive...
In the judgment of 17 July 2012 (No. P 30/11), the Constitutional Tribunal held that insofar as Tax Ordinance Art. 70 §6(1) resulted in suspension of the limitations period on a tax obligation in connection with initiation of a fiscal penal proceeding of which the taxpayer has not been informed, at the latest, by the end of the limitations period on the obligation indicated in Tax Ordinance 70 §1,...
This study attempts to assess the social and legal risks associated with the use of chloroform for purposes outside the medical industry and beyond. For this purpose, there have been complied the facts of the inhaled intoxicating substances from various fields of life and various kinds of criminal cases in this piece of work. It also includes some of the issues that pose problems to investigators...
Antitrust is an interdisciplinary science that draws from political economy. Since the beginning of the XXI exacerbated by national legislation and European tendencies to economize antitrust law. Historically, the first was the principle of "formal approach" to the analysis of antitrust law. However, the shortcomings of this method gave rise to the need to find other solutions. From this...
The resolution passed by the Supreme Court indicates the issue of concurrence of powers on the basis of the error and warranty for the quality of a product. The Supreme Court found it reasonable to accept in this case the concurrence of legal rules, which in turn allows individuals to select respective legal instruments in the event of an error on the quality of the purchased item. This contention...
Pursuing claims against a general partnership is regulated by law in a specific manner, taking into consideration peculiar character of this entity. Creditor is able to lead court execution to assets of the general partnership. If that will not result in settling debts, creditor will be able to enforce the partner’s assets. In this case, the situation of the creditor is rather too complicated. There...
Different scenarios are devoted to current events, some assume in nature disaster, seeing the collapse of the euro area and the EU. Others, however, although they have every day more and more, they see consolidation in the crisis of the Eurozone and the EU whole as a result of taking any effective action as it was accompanied by the previous diaphragms. Danger, which involves the actual destabilization...
The purpose of this article is to show some doubts concerning the unification of private law in the European Union. The reference point for the discussion is European Civil Code. Particular attention is paid to the problems arising around legislative works including lack of common terminology, identifying the subject and scope of regulations or methodology of studies that were made. Considerations...
The article presents the results of the amendment of 26th June 2009 to the Land and Mortgage Register and Mortgage Act. The author discusses the essence of mortgage as one of pledge rights, as well as characteristics of the key institution of the amended Polish mortgage law – the power to dispose of the emptied mortgage entry.
EU funds are an opportunity for many players to develop their business and expand the range of services conducted. Sometimes, however, projects carried out by beneficiaries are a breach of rules, as in accordance with article 8 paragraph 3 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 800/2008, it is assumed that any assistance to entrepreneurs under the regulation may be granted only in case the act exerts the...
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