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The paper characterized the activity of the RheinEnergie company, with particular emphasis on cooperation in a complex system of water supply the city of Köln. The basis for a sustainable water supply are activities pointed on protect the raw water resources. This task is effectively realized through the international cooperation more than 120 water supply company located in the Rhine basin in the...
Water supply resources are groundwater and surface water bodies currently used or intended for prospective use. Water used from identified water bodies shall meet relevant qualitative objectives and the resulting requirements for water quality and quantity according to its purpose of use. At present, there are about 86 % of groundwater resources used for drinking purposes in the Slovak Republic (SR)...
Deterioration of water supply pipe systems is a complex process influenced by many factors, where the combined effect of these factors may lead to a system failure. The overall effect of corrosion and failures due to mechanical and static phenomena along with age of pipes reflects the reliability of water supply systems. In order to minimize major weaknesses and maximize the life of the systems, it...
In sewage treatment plants, it is crucial to know the value of sewage sludge combustion heat while balancing energy in treatment processes. This article includes a comparison of experimentally determined values of heat combustion for sewage sludge supplied to and discharged from Separate Sludge Digesters in Pomorzany Sewage Treatment Plant in Szczecin with calculated ones, from approximate dependencies...
Several well established procedures are used for butt fusion welding of PE pipes globally. The most widely used are the European Single Pressure, UK Dual Pressure, and the USA High Pressure procedures. In the future it may be possible to rationalise these procedures. Materials and machinery developments are resulting in an increasing size range of pipe. Confirmation of the appropriate test methods...
In this paper, the possibility of using Phase Change Materials (PCM) as a means to enhance the heat capacity of water tanks is studied. Two different PCMs were investigated. The thermal properties of the PCMs were measured using the T-History-Method. As housing for the PCM, a special 3 layered foil with 2 plastic layers and a thin metal layer was found to be suitable. The PCM elements were found to...
Constructed wetlands are artificial objects which stimulate and intensify processes of natural wetland ecosystems. They are mainly used for urban wastewater purification and are based on the concepts of bioremediation and fitoremediation. Many diverse biochemical and physicochemical processes taking place within them provide a succesfull removal of various types of pollution from the sewage. The plant...
In the paper has been performed the analysis of vapour power plant operating with wet working fluid. Considered vapour power plant operates according to the comparative Clausius-Rankine cycle and is powered by biomass energy. The analysis of the system, based on the results of the heat-flow calculations, was performed for three wet working fluids: acetone, R1234ze- (Z), R142b. The calculations, which...
It is sometimes necessary in a waste treatment plant to determine energy that can be generated thanks to sludge incineration. To do so, the knowledge of its calorific value is needed. The thesis presents approximated dependencies of sludge calorific value supplied to and from a Separate Sludge Digester depending on sludge parameters determined in laboratory tests: content of mineral substances, organic...
In 2013 project Reliable District Heating has been started in Heat-Tech Center (HTC) Veolia Energy Warsaw S.A. In one part of the project tests of fibrous insulations dismantled from Warsaw’s district heating system were conducted. The aim of the tests were, among others, to find a correlation between thermal conductivity coefficient of insulations and the service life of pipelines.
This paper presents an idea of hydrogen utilization to steam generation to drive a turbine and produce electricity or to supply a condenser as an element of a heating system. Electrolysis process is considered as a source of hydrogen as well as oxygen. Hydrogen combustion with a stoichiometric ratio of pure oxygen produces steam at very high temperature. Steam temperature can be controlled by mixing...
The Stralsund University of Applied Sciences started very early in promoting the renewable energy use. The historical tendency of the decarbonisation of fuels and other forms of energy and the idea of power to hydrogen (power to gas) including the further use of the gas in the sectors of electricity, traffic, and heat market as well meet each other on the way directed to an energy sustainability....
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are a promising form to store hydrogen. However, the process of dehydrogenation has to be demonstrated for applications with proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells which require very pure hydrogen. Here we document the measured degradation effects due to CO contamination on a PEM fuel cell that is supplied with hydrogen from a LOHC. In addition the possible...
In this paper a short literature review on the solar collectors has been presented. A classification has been made according to application areas: heating in industrial processes (i.e. drying of agricultural products, biomass drying) or in civil engineering (i.e. air conditioning, space heating). Solar collectors have been classified in regard to their design: cover material, direction and type of...
The paper presents an analysis of the selection of a medium for the high temperature air compressor heat pump. In the recent years, there has been an increasing interest and demand for heating systems based on the use of high-temperature compressor heat pumps where the bottom heat source is ambient air. The temperature of the energy carrier that feeds the upper source may amount to 85÷ 900C, and in...
Pressure increase in industrial compressed air systems is produced in most cases in screw compressors. Compressor room devices (such as compressors, filters, oil separators, tanks, sometimes a dehumidifier) occupy relatively little space, each installation is different and has different capacities, but the compressors are chosen in such a way that the rate of pressure increase in the tank is usually...
An important factor that affects the quantitative and qualitative parameters of stormwater runoff is the distribution of the catchment’s surface according to the type of land cover. In order to optimize the solution of this problem, for especially large urbanized catchments, an improved step-by-step method of simple statistical sampling is proposed. The method is applied to the part of the territory...
The purpose of the article is to explain causes of non-corrosive and corrosive leaks in heat exchangers (HE) during standard exploitation as well as to present prevention measures to eliminate dangerous clogging by scaling and corrosion. The heat exchangers are made of Cr-Ni austenitic steels, belonging to the group of steels resistant to corrosion, called commonly stainless steels. The author of...
Statistical processing of the research results, which showed the prevailing influence on the specific increase in the mass of pollution of the sulfur and water content in the water-fuel emulsion, and then the excess air factor, was carried out. The estimated response surface and regression equation that take into account the effect on the value of the specific increase in the mass of pollution of...
Media of rapid filters is the subject of abrasion and coverage by biofilm which partially is not removed during backwashing. The empirical tests done for predicting the optimal backwash intensity as a function of water temperature proved that in computing the sand expansion it is necessary to take into consideration not only changes of the grains’ shape but also the density of sand grains as the result...
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