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An increase in endogenous central histamine concentrations, after loading with histamine precursor L-histidine or inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) activity, produces the reversal of critical hypotension with improvement in survival of haemorrhage-shocked rats. In the present study, the involvement of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides in central histamine-induced resuscitating...
Evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) suppresses myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and regulates myocardial substrate oxidation, however data from in vivo and isolated heart preparations are conflicting. In addition, cardiac endothelin (ET-1) release has been shown to increase with inhibition of NO synthase (NOS), however the effects of ET-1 on myocardial energetics is not clear. We employed...
The study was undertaken to examine the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the reversal by endogenous central histamine of critical haemorrhagic hypotension in anaesthetised Wistar rats. Histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor metoprine (20 µg) administered intracerebroventricularly at 5 min of critical hypotension 20-25 mmHg produced increases in histamine concentrations as measured 20...
In the present study we examined the effects of 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), regarded as a selective and competitive mGluR1 antagonist, in animal models of anxiety. Diazepam (1-10 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. After intraperitoneal administration, AIDA (0.5-2 mg/kg) produced anxiolytic-like effects in the conflict drinking test and the elevated plus-maze test in rats; however,...
The role of mineralocorticoids as sodium retaining hormones has been recently enlarged to include their function as modulators of cardiovascular function and injury. This study evaluated the contribution of possible functional changes in resistance vessels to the additional BP increase produced by the chronic administration of DOCA to SHR. The flow-pressure curve and renal responses to vasoconstrictors...
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is known to modulate tyrosine kinases (PTKs) activity in pituitary tumor cells. It is known that AngII is acting via AT1 receptors in many tissues. The aim of this study was to see whether 3-8 fragment of AngII, called angiotensin IV (AngIV) has a similar effect on tyrosine kinase activity in normal pituitary gland and what type of angiotensin receptor is involved in this process...
Data concerning cardiovascular effects of peripherally and centrally located histamine H3 receptor stimulation are contradictory, and despite excessive studies their role in the control of the cardiovascular function have not been cleared yet. Effect of histamine H3 receptors activation have been attributed to modulation of sympathetic system activity but exact role of peripherally and centrally located...
Endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in adaptive gastric protection against acute injury, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 is responsible for the production of PGs in this phenomenon. In the present study, we examined the effect of various COX inhibitors on gastric ulcerogenic and acid secretory responses following daily exposure of the stomach to iodoacetamide (IA) and investigated the role for...
The sphingomyelin signalling pathway has been shown to function in different skeletal muscle types. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of endurance training on the functioning of the pathway in the muscles. The experiments were carried out on two groups of male Wistar rats: sedentary and trained for six weeks. 24h after cessation of the training rats were anaesthetized and samples...
Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is recognized to induce a biphasic cardiovascular response its mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study we analysed the involvement of PAF, TXA2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) in the acute cardiovascular effects of LPS in the isolated rat heart as well as in delayed phase of LPS response using a surrogate cellular model of the induction of NOS-2 by LPS...
The effects of nonselective ETA/ETB receptor blockade with intravenous bolus injection of bosentan (10 mg/kg) on renal excretory function and blood pressure were investigated in conscious, male, normotensive Wistar rats before and one week after bilateral renal denervation. Renal denervation was followed by an increase in urine flow rate from 4.54±0.38 to 5.72±0.36 µl/min.100 g b.w. (p<0.05) and...
Cerebral metabolism of glucose, one of the determinants of tissue ATP level, is crucial for central nervous system function. The activity of P-type pumps, namely Na+, K+ - ATPase, Ca+2 - ATPase and Mg+2 - ATPase were examined in brain synaptosomes of 5 - day, 3 - month and 18 - month - old rats to determine if changes in enzyme activity related to aging are potentially associated with alterations...
The effects of a repeated treatment with antipsychotic drugs, clozapine and haloperidol, on the modulation of network activity ex vivo by 5-HT receptors were examined in rat frontal cortical slices using extracellular recording. Rats were treated for 21 days with clozapine (30 mg/kg p.o.), or haloperidol (1 mg/kg p.o.). Spontaneous bursting activity was induced in slices prepared 3 days after the...
A substantial number of patients do not respond sufficiently to antidepressant drugs and are therefore often co-medicated with lithium as an augmentation strategy. Also inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been used as an augmentation strategy, while inhibitors of NOS exhibit antidepressant-like properties in various animal models. Therefore, we hypothesized that modulation of NOS may be...
Potential antipsychotic effects of a selective non-competitive antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), 2-methyl-6-phenylethynylpyridine (MPEP), was examined in two commonly used screening tests: (1) the hyperactivity induced by an NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP), and (2) the hyperactivity induced by an indirect dopamine agonist, D-amphetamine. PCP was administered at...
Reactive hyperemia (RH) is an abrupt blood flow increase following release from mechanical occlusion of an artery, with restoration of intra-arterial pressure. The mechanism of this postocclusion increase in blood flow in the gut is multifactorial. Relaxation of intestinal resistance vessels, observed during RH, may involve myogenic, metabolic, hormonal and neurogenic factors. Evidence exists that...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) on haemostasis in stasis model of venous thrombosis in renal hypertensive rats. The effect of the single dose (i.v.300 mg/kg bolus+300 mg/kg/h) and of the 10-day application (p.o. 1 g/kg, once daily) of L-Arg was determined. L-Arg reduced the blood pressure both in the acute and long-term application. The single dose of L-Arg decreased...
Previous studies have demonstrated that the gastric mucosa of diabetic rats is highly vulnerable to acute injury but the influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and their new nitric oxide (NO) releasing derivatives of aspirin (NO-ASA) on the ulcer healing under diabetic conditions has been little studied. In this study streptozocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) was used...
Present investigations were undertaken to study the influence of peptide NK-1 and NK-2 receptor agonists and antagonists as well as substance P and neurokinin A (the natural ligands for these tachykinin receptors) on oxytocin (OT) release from isolated rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial (H-N) system as well as to determine whether the tachykinin NK-1 and/or NK-2 receptors contribute to the response...
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) has been shown to exert antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity possibly due to the presence of naringenin, the flavonoid with cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa. No study so far has been undertaken to determine whether this GSE is also capable of preventing acute pancreatic damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is known to result from...
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