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The study addresses the issue of changes in the financing of environmental protection in Poland in 1997–2011. An evaluation of the spendings on certain types of fixed assets in the protection of the environment was made. The author indicated the extent of state participation in expenditures for environmental protection and the use of other sources of funding, such as the investor’s own funds or grants...
Rural development depends strongly on the development of all forms of entrepreneurship, as they lead to the creation of new jobs, as well as the diversification of rural income. However, numerous formal and legal requirements and administrative procedures faced by businesses limit the development of entrepreneurship, both in Poland and the European Union. Newly proposed by the EU actions aim to encourage...
In this paper the basic concepts of modern economics concerned with the market, market structures and the effectiveness of market functioning are presented. Definitions of the market were characterized on the basis of theoretical concepts. Classification of the types of market structures was proposed and the preconditions for the improvement of effectiveness of particular brand markets were stated...
The author of this paper made an attempt to assess the innovativeness of economic activity in Poland, using indirect indicators. There are two categories of these indicators in the professional literature. The first category is statistics of inputs, where innovativeness is measured through the expenses on research and development. The second category is related to the measurement of the effects of...
In this paper the level of fulfillment of pro-environmental functions by agriculture of the Lublin region is identified and examined. The significance of that function in the concept of sustainable agriculture is emphasized. Agriculture in Lublin region is characterized by lower level of mineral fertilization comparing to the whole country. Over 40% of the farms use crop rotation on the whole sowing...
The main objective of this article is to present the concept of the EU dairy sector development through the analysis of proposals for changes in EU agricultural policy and to assess their possible effects on Polish dairy farms. In the paper a model concerning possible directions of development of Polish farms with an average production potential was presented. The analyzes revealed that the idea of...
Producer groups are a form of integration of horticultural producers. The main advantages resulting from the association include lowering production costs, increasing the impact on the market and gaining competitive advantage. Despite these benefits, many producers still do not want to associate. The aim of this study was to investigate the types of prejudices discourtaging horticultural farm owners...
This paper deals with the agricultural production contracts, concerning deliveries of raw materials for the agri-food industry. The mutual relations between its parties – such as producer and contractor – may take many different forms. These contracts are perceived as an accomplishment of vertical integration, as they connect two stages of a production process. Their role in agri-business is growing...
The process of modernization of agriculture under the Common Agricultural Policy has in view, among other things, the creation of economically stable and competitive farms. The aim of this paper is to verify the thesis that Poland’s membership in the European Union, implying a change in agricultural conditions, has resulted in diminishing the differences between farms. As a measure of diversification,...
The main purpose of the article was a reflection on the paradigms applicable to agriculture. The genesis of the vertical integration was presented. The validity of the producers’ concentration around the leading company, as one of the three operating forms of the organizational networks was discussed. The problems were presented on the basis of the research carried out among horticultural producers...
Between 2003 and 2012, there was a reduction in the catch of the main species of fish. The main reason for this was the reduction of the fishing fleet. Additional factors, especially in the case of cod, included: inappropriate management of individual catch quotas, decrease in fishing profitability, and the obsolete, fragmented and non-modernized fishing fleet. An increase in the catch of the main...
The article indicated the role of vegetable production in Polish agriculture. They provide better use of the land, due to the higher its productivity. Polish farms were evaluated comparing to similar vegetable farms in Hungary, Germany and the Netherlands. It has been shown that Polish vegetable farms of the economic size between 40 and 100 ESU and above 100 ESU are competitive compared to farms in...
Difficult economic situation in developing countries is a result of a number of factors. Among others, low level of technique and technology, lack of skilled labor force or poor infrastructure. It should be noted, that many of these countries are based on natural economy, with dominating employment in agriculture; consequently, there is very shallow market for industrial goods. Taking into account...
The paper discusses the spatial distribution of rural communes in Mazovia region according to the tourism function index. The tourism function index consists of 8 variables, which characterize tourism development in three areas: tourist attendance, tourist infrastructure and tourist entrepreneurship. Further the natural breaks classification have been made in order to divide the communes into 4 categories...
Współcześnie za najważniejsze uważane są aktywa rynkowe, decydujące o możliwości przetrwania i rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa. Ma to szczególne znaczenie w warunkach dużego nasycenia rynku żywnościowego i potrzeby poszukiwania źródeł trwałej przewagi konkurencyjnej. Rynek żywnościowy w Polsce odpowiada modelowi konkurencji oligopolistycznej. Wykazuje wysoki poziom koncentracji kapitałowej i produkcyjnej...
This article presents policy towards State Farms in the XX century, and their economic and legal situation which led to rapid reforms in the sector. The land resource acquired by APA was described in numbers. The development of sales of the Agricultural Property of the State Treasury in the years 1992–2012 was presented and commented.
The main content of the paper is a broad analysis of the present status and projected changes of agricultural and food production as well as food security. The level, structure and distribution of food production in the world, regions and selected countries in the context of malnutrition and reducing hunger are the main issues of the authors’ deliberation.
The changes in the size and geographical structure of cut roses production in the world as well as in EU foreign trade have been studied. The direction and dynamics of cut roses imports and exports and trade balance have been analyzed. The main focus was to determine the geographic structure of EU trade, identifying the largest EU exporters and importers, export destinations and countries of import...
The quality of life is a problem of interdisciplinary character which can be examined including diverse aspects. Analysis of the objective quality of life of disabled people inhabited in country areas is an object of the present article’s interest. A measure of the objective quality of life of disabled people in the study are the housing conditions characterised through analysis of the usable area...
This paper presents assessment of selected middle-sized meat plants, basing on a set of financial ratios. These were: ROA, ROE, ROS, current ratio, quick ratio, total debt ratio and debt structure. It was difficult to develop a clear and objective evaluation of meat plants based on such combination of indexes. Therefore these enterprises were also evaluated using the Hołda’s model. Basing on this...
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