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The first estimate of diatom indicatory values in Poland is presented. It comprises 455 diatom taxa occurring in ten ecologically different ecosystems: four rivers of various type and degree of pollution, limnocrenic and salty springs, oligotrophic springs, a dam reservoir, a brown coal excavation pit and a peat excavation pit. Indicatory values are used to describe saprobity, trophic conditions,...
In looking for factors affecting Chironomus plumosus (L.) abundance and its fluctuations − the comparison of its numbers has been done in the bottom (at 6 m depth) and in mesocosms trays with the same bottom sediment elevated 0.4-1.2 meter above the bottom. The experiment was carried out, in a shallow, strongly eutrophic, polymictic, lowland dam reservoir, where theabundance of Chironomus is among...
The paper presents the differences in metabolic processes of the bottom sediments of the River Raba up- and downstream the reservoir and in the Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland). In the sediments of the reservoir character and the intensities of metabolic processes were similar. In the river above the reservoir the metabolizm of sediments has the autotrophic character (the ratio of primary production...
Studies on the spatial and vertical variability of saprophytic bacteria abundance and their physiological properties were carried out in Sopot (the Gulf of Gdańsk) during the summer of 1998 at four different points along a transect perpendicular to the water line. Colony forming units (CFU) bacterial counts reached 104-106 g dry wt. of sediment -1. Bacteria were most abundant in the dune, and least...
Higher nutrients concentrations were observed into the surface microlayer then in the subsurface of estuarine, shallow lake water. The thinner the surface microlayer, which means the closer it is to the water-atmosphere contact zone, the higher are concentrations of organic and inorganic phosphorus, as well as organic and ammonia nitrogen. Mean values of enrichment coefficients were usually positive...
Interactions between phyto- and zooplankton species have been discussed on the basis of literature data and partially of own, rather general investigations. The ways of taking food by zooplankton was reviewed. The literature data on potential consumers of phytoplankton taxa of a different size is presented in a tabular form. Two aspects of interactions have been analysed: influence of zooplankton...
This paper presents the study concerning the influence of hydrocortisone and progesterone on the growth and the content of protein and sugar in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorophyceae). Progesterone, at the concentration of 10-4 M, showed a lethal effect on C. vulgaris and hydrocortisone - at the concentration of 10-3 M. Hydrocortisone, in range of concentrations 5×10-5-10-4 M,...
Studies carried out on the alga Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) showed that hydrocortisone applied in a concentration range of 10-4 - 10-5 M has a stimulating effect on its growth, i.e. the content of fresh and dry mass, and on the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Hydrocortisone was found to have its greatest stimulative effect on the biochemical parameters analysed in a concentration of 5x10-5...
The present work has been aimed at the analysis of heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd) fate in selected food chains comprising molluscs, their potential food, fish feeding on molluscs and predatory fish as well as mollusc faeces, Chironomidae larvae and fish feeding on them. The results generally indicate a decrease of heavy metal concentrations in the successive trophic levels. Taking into account...
The Mara River catchment is the dry weather refuge for more than one million migrating wildebeest and zebras of the Serengeti ecosystem. The river flow is affected by developments in Kenya, including deforestation and water diversion for irrigation and the proposed Ewaso Ng’iro (South) Hydropower Project. An ecohydrology model was used to predict the likely impact of these developments on the Serengeti...
Under arid (dryland) conditions where the usual rain amounts fall short of the moisture deficit in the surface layers, the occurrence of surface flows is a necessary pre-requisite for the occurrence of groundwater recharge at selected infiltration sites. These surface flows at the same time nourish a variety of plants and biota along the flowpaths, which in turn affect both the quality and quantity...
The ecohydrology of an area or region is determined by climate, geomorphology, plant cover/biota dynamics and anthropogenic modifications. By understanding these factors, the potential exists for the application of Phytotechnologies to increase plant biomass and to regulate nutrients and water dynamics, thereby increasing ecosystem carrying capacity, resilience and functionality. This can lead to...
A drastic land use change and environmental degradation take place in Southern Andean Patagonia steep watersheds, especially upstream the urbanized areas. The paper presents a synthesis of environmental degradation assessment due erosion at Trabunco-Quitrahue watershed, near the top ski resort of San Martín de los Andes (Argentina). In order to evaluate the degradations processes, a combination of...
Ecohydrology is more than just hydrology and ecology combined. It is functional to its best only, if science, engineering and construction, public administration and political decision assist each other in an integrated scheme and on a common scale. The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Lobau”, part of the Danube National Park today, is dependant on all four aspects for its sustained existence. The integrated...
This article discusses the new Urban Stormwater Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) (DID 2000) to counter the current and major urban problems such as flash flooding, water pollution and ecological damage, urban slope failures, and sedimentation. MSMA uses control-at-source approach instead of rapid disposal as a tool to curb generation of pollutants and to be environmentally friendly. In this article, the...
The following areas of research related to the climate\water resources interface may be identified: detecting changes in atmospheric and hydrological variables by means of measurable indicators, including paleohydrological data; assessing sensitivity of land surface processes to climate characteristics; analyzing implications of climate change on regional water supply and demand; assessing the impact...
Ecohydrology had its origins in the Ecotone activity of the man and the Biosphere programme, but continues and expands today under the joint activity on water and Ecosystems promoted by UNESCO. The future role for Ecohydrology as an integrative discipline is clear when the emerging issues of Ecosystem management for sustainability are considered. The complementary efforts of the World Network of Biosphere...
In this article we describe a method that was developed to predict the effect of climate and land use change on wet to moist mesotrophic grasslands occurring along lowland streams. The indirect climate effects, i.e. through changes in hydrology, and effects of land use changes are calculated with an integrated ecohydrological model. Direct climate effects, through temperature changes, are derived...
A method is described for determining the state of health of a river basin in order to monitor any actual or predictive changes that may occur as a result of perturbations in certain key catchment variables. The mean annual baseflow and mean annual baseflow turbidity at chosen sites on the Latrobe River Basin are obtained by using a simple filter on the discharge and turbidity data in a time series...
In a mosaic landscape moderately affected by agriculture and tourism, such as found in the Masurian Lakeland (north-eastern Poland) external input of nutrients (TP, TN, NNO3) and their retention were compared in a cascade of shallow in-river lakes, between several years of different weather conditions. The average and maximum air temperature in the summer and winter months and that of the freshet...
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