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Increasing emphasis is being placed on managing aquatic resources on an integrated, basinwide basis. Traditional ground inventory methods are time-consuming and expensive, and are not easy to integrate over large areas. Remote sensing, combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) technology, offers a more flexible, cost-effective method for gathering and...
Development culture, based on the dominance of man over nature and the built over the natural, continues to predominate. To take one example, the demands of an ever-increasing number of amateur fishermen are satisfied by financing the continuous re-stocking of rivers with juvenile or small-size fish while ignoring the extinction of native species, and the damage caused by the introduction of non-native...
Water and land ecotones harbour complex interactions of hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere. Exchange processes at their interfaces involve multiple feedback mechanisms which to a large extent affect the overall conditions on earth. Hydrological processes affect ecotones and vice versa. The paper outlines briefly some of the effects and gives examples of ecotones in arid and urban environments.
In many rheophilic fish species, young stages with low swimming capacities are confined to lateral habitats protected from the main current. Among these lateral habitats, we defined „dead zones” as small bays with shallow water and slow water current caused by physical structures (obstacles or curves of the bank), but without a clear frontier with the main channel. Nevertheless, a study using two...
Over the past centuries, rivers and streams across Europe and Northern America have increasingly been modified by damming and by other water regulation schemes. This situation is also becoming increasingly common throughout tropical regions. In the vast majority of cases, such schemes have been developed with little or no consideration to the ichthyofauna, and impacts on biodiversity and fisheries...
Lake Kortowskie is restored by the hypolimnetic withdrawal method: rich in nutrients near-bottom waters are removed by a pipeline directly to the outflow instead of the natural outflow of surface waters. It has been found out that the amount of water discharged through the pipeline and therefore the amount of removed phosphorus depends on the surface inflow. The water balance of the lake in summer...
The task of optimal management of the dam reservoir ecosystem was formulated in a very abstract and general way. To solve this problem, on the simplified example of such an ecosystem, method of fuzzy logic was employed. Various scenarios of ecosystem management of dam reservoir has been investigated. Water level changes, inflow of waste waters and fish culturing were taken into consideration. It was...
The Mara River catchment is the dry weather refuge for more than one million migrating wildebeest and zebras of the Serengeti ecosystem. The river flow is affected by developments in Kenya, including deforestation and water diversion for irrigation and the proposed Ewaso Ng’iro (South) Hydropower Project. An ecohydrology model was used to predict the likely impact of these developments on the Serengeti...
Under arid (dryland) conditions where the usual rain amounts fall short of the moisture deficit in the surface layers, the occurrence of surface flows is a necessary pre-requisite for the occurrence of groundwater recharge at selected infiltration sites. These surface flows at the same time nourish a variety of plants and biota along the flowpaths, which in turn affect both the quality and quantity...
Ecohydrology is more than just hydrology and ecology combined. It is functional to its best only, if science, engineering and construction, public administration and political decision assist each other in an integrated scheme and on a common scale. The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Lobau”, part of the Danube National Park today, is dependant on all four aspects for its sustained existence. The integrated...
There have been no ubiquitous, and unanimously accepted, definitions of the notions of ecohydrology and sustainable development. Aside from the interpretation by the UNESCO IHP-V Projects 2.3/2.4, there exist other ways, in which the terms “ecohydrology” and “hydroecology” are understood. Also several competing definitions of the notion “sustainable development” are available. Yet, a robust finding,...
Lowland rivers in industrial countries such as the UK are seriously impacted by phosphorus from a variety of sources. Point sources include numerous sewage-treatment works; diffuse sources include a full range of agricultural activities from fertiliser application to intensive poultry and stock rearing. The scientific consensus is that the concentration of phosphorus is an important measure of eutrophication...
In the Netherlands hydrological measures are taken to raise the groundwater level in nature reserves that are suffering from groundwater levels that are to low, i.e. from ‘desiccation’. These measures often lead to wet damage to agriculture in adjacent areas. There is, however, a lack of insight into these costs in relation to the benefits to nature. In this study a simple model prototype is presented...
Seasonal changes of water level, aquatic chemistry and phytoplankton composition of the Daugava’s floodplain lake Grīvas was studied in 1999. Significant influence of the Daugava’s floods on the lake’s water level was found. Filling, drainage and isolation phases in hydrological regime of the lake were distinguished. The Daugava’s floodwater influx in April caused considerable water level rising and...
The Paraguay-Paraná river system forms an important ecological corridor across South America. Here, we report the first description of the fluvial geomorphology and the physical structure of aquatic habitats along the main channel a 200-km long section of the Upper Paraguay River between Cáceres city and Taiamã island (Mato Grosso, Brazil). Four functional sets were identified: (a) main channel and...
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