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The rapid population growth of Addis Ababa poses the city with many environmental challenges. The current fragmented approach to sanitation and poor waste management has brought serious environmental and health problems. The study deployed purposive and stratified cluster sampling techniques in diagnosing the institutional arrangements for waste management through personal interviews and focus group...
We sampled fishes of the rivers Gendwuha, Guang, Shinfa, and Ayima with 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 cm stretched mesh gillnet, monofilament of different mesh sizes, hook and line, fykenet and castnet. During October 2007 through January 2008 in both dry and wet seasons. 27 fish species were identified from the four rivers represented by the families: Centropomidae, Cichlidae, Bagridae, Schilbeidae, Clariidae,...
The water resources of the Lake Tana catchment are largely untapped. Currently, water resource development is being promoted to stimulate economic growth. This study utilized the WEAP model to determine the likely impact of a number of possible development scenarios on lake water levels. For each scenario, the model was used to simulate water demand in three sectors (i.e. irrigation, hydropower and...
Fishery and aquaculture play an enormous role in reducing poverty and alleviating food insecurity at household level. The first fish stocking program in Ethiopia was reported as early as 1925. Indigenous Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus and non-native Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Salmo trutta fish species were used for...
The distribution of Lake Tana fish species was studied from January 2000 to December 2003. Samples were collected monthly using gill-nets of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mm stretched mesh size. Labeobarbus spp., Oreochromis niloticus, Claris gariepinus and Varicorhinus beso are commercially important fish species and form 77%, 13%, 9% and 1% of the pooled experimental fish catch. There was significant...
The significance of solid waste management in ecohydrology research is obvious given the potential threat that solid waste poses on the intrinsic services of water purification, particularly in areas of high temperatures and precipitation levels. Improper waste disposal systems have adverse repercussions on environmental sanitation and impede water quality management efforts. The potential risk to...
Semi-intensive aquaculture practice started in 2005 in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. An evaluation survey was undertaken in September 2009. Beneficiaries, key informants and various groups were interviewed. Constructed aquaculture ponds were different in source of water, structure, age, original purpose, level of integration and the type of fish stocked. Farming households integrated aquaculture...
Land degradation caused by soil erosion (sheet and rill erosion) and soil fertility decline is a serious threat in the Ethiopian highlands, especially in the Gumara watershed. In this study the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was applied to the Gumara watershed to predict sediment yield and runoff, to establish the spatial distribution of sediment yield and to test the potential of watershed...
The input of rain water to the forest floor and the composition of rainfall and throughfall water were monitored between October 2001 and September 2002 in a natural and two plantation (Eucalyptus globulus and Cupressus lusitanica) forests at Munesa, southeastern highlands of Ethiopia. The proportions of throughfall to annual incident rainfall that passed through the different forest canopies were...
This article introduces the rationale and the brief review of the content of the selected papers from the International Symposium “Ecohydrology for sustainable water ecosystems and society in Ethiopia” held on 18th-21st of November 2009 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia” organized by the European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology under the auspices of UNESCO and the Ministry of Water and Energy of Ethiopia,...
This paper presents the findings of the socio-economic impact of household-level water harvesting technology. Before water harvesting was introduced, onions were not grown in the area due to lack of seedlings. Thus onion seedlings were grown on 100 m2 plots using water from the ponds in the dry season, then sold or planted under rainfed conditions during the rainy season. The results obtained show...
This paper is based on a country report for Ethiopia prepared as a part of the ecohydrology component of IHP UNESCO’s FRIEND/Nile-phase II Project. It reviews past and current research in the Lake Tana sub-basin around the lake. The objective of the study was to determine the ecohydrological status of the Lake as a tool for integrated water resource management in improving the sustainability of the...
This study introduced the spatial pattern of PCDD, PCDF and dl-PCB concentration in the sediments of Ethiopian small river-lake system. Among the analyzed samples the highest contamination was observed in the lake littoral (222.11 ng kg-1 d.w.). The lowest concentration was noted at the outflow from the lake (26.65 ng kg-1 d.w.). The WHO-TEQ concentrations showed decreasing trend along the river-lake...
Lake Gudera, a highland lake, is highly degraded by agricultural activity, but still serves the local community for irrigation and livestock watering. Preliminary investigations indicated chemical composition of NO3 (0.7 mg dm-3), turbidity (26 NTU) and conductivity (78 μs cm-1) with poor floristic and faunistic composition. The Community Elders explained that the wetland encroachment started in 1986/1987,...
The physico-chemical parameters of coffee effluent consists of very high amount of BOD (2200 mg dm-3), TDS (1810 mg dm-3), NO3 (26.4 mg dm-3), NH4 + (12.6 mg dm-3), low pH (4.3) and zero DO values. Despite the reduction of these values by dilution effect of river water, BOD values as high as 1900 mg dm-3 and 1700 mg dm-3 were found at the downstream sites of Bore and Fite rivers. For biological assemblage...
The anthropogenic effect on faecal and chemical pollution at Bahir Dar Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia was investigated in the period of October 2006 to February 2007. Faecal and physicochemical pollution levels were significantly increased and clearly discernible in the Bahir Dar Gulf locations as compared to presumptively anthropogenic uninfluenced reference locations near the outlet of the Blue Nile...
Erosion is of great concern in the Ethiopian highlands. The objective of this study was to determine the soil erosion rates under actual farming conditions by measuring the dimensions and number of rills in 15 agricultural fields in the Debre Mewi watershed near Lake Tana, and to understand farmers’ attitudes towards land conservation through personal interviews with one-third of the watershed households...
Deforestation has caused surface and underground water imbalance in the hydrologic cycle followed by subsequent food, feed and wood productivity crisis. This paper reviews the role of traditional farming systems in wet and dry agroecology. It further compares it with existing improper farming practice, which productivity is examined from agroecology based climatic and edaphic perspective. Experiments...
The dynamics of nutrients in water passing through the forest floors of two plantation forests (Cupressus lusitanica and Eucalyptus globulus) and an adjacent natural forest were monitored over a one year period at Munesa, Ethiopia. The results showed that, in all forest types, after K, Ca and Cl were the most abundant nutrients leached from the forest floor to the mineral soil. The concentration of...
The water hyacinth, Eichhorrnia crassipes, has been widely recognized as the worst aquatic weed the world over and of increasing importance in Africa, Ethiopia inclusive. The aim of the research was to highlight the devastating impact of the water hyacinth on aquatic life and human activities on Aba Samuel Dam and to underline prospects of its beneficial use. Delphi technique and on-site observations...
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