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The main goal of this paper is to present contractual relations between Polish tobacco producer’s groups and their purchasers (contract seasons: 2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2012/2013). The hypothesis of the research is based on the statement: “horizontal (agricultural producers’ groups) and vertical (contracts) integration in agriculture lowers farmers’ income risk and reduces transaction costs, which strengthens...
The aim of this research has been to assess and compare the economic efficiency of production technologies used to grow a semi-dwarf winter triticale cultivar Gniewko. The method based on the standard gross margin (SGM) was used for the economic evaluation of the two production technology differentiated costs level. The analyzed material consisted of results achieved during a three-year field experiment...
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