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We analysed 251 early spring and winter storage honey samples, individually collected from the apiaries of 9 districts of Małopolska province in South Poland and revealed that 51 of these specimens were contaminated with different levels of P. larvae larvae spores Among these samples 8.8% were classified as a category I contamination and 11.5% as a category II - reperesenting 22 (43.1%) and 29 (56...
It is common knowledge that fish are a nutritious component of a human diet, as they constitute a valuable and desired source of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, they are likely to pose a risk to consumer health. The presence of pathogenic bacteria or their toxins, parasites, biogenic amines and toxins or chemical residues may be a causal agent of foodborne illnesses in humans, sometimes...
This review presents different aspects of Varroa destructor resistance to most commonly used contact acaricides. It is concerned with (1) – genetic background of the mechanism of this resistance, (2) – phenomenon of cross-resistance, (3) spread of discussed resistance throughout Europe and North America, (4) – methods of combating varroa resistance. The authors conclude that a rapid and sensitive...
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