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Northern Chilean Patagonia has numerous pristine lakes associated with perennial native forests. The present study looks at optical properties in visible, close, and medium infrared wavelengths in mountain lakes of Alerce Andino National Park (41°S). These lakes have associated Nothofagus and Fitzroya cupressoides native forests of glacial origins. The results revealed high reflectance values for...
Non-point source (NPS) pollution contributes greatly to the contamination of surface water quality and has aroused widespread concerns. NPS pollution is influenced by a multitude of site-related factors whose effects are complicated. We estimated NPS pollution with a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model in China’s Fan River watershed. A new method, boosted regression tree (BRT), was proposed...
Summer heatwaves are expected to be much more frequent and severe with negative effects on terrestrial ecosystem water and carbon budgets, while the impacts on alpine grasslands remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed eddy flux and meteorological dataset of a seven-day (July 26 to August 1) summer heatwave in an alpine humid grassland in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 2015. Compared with...
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are regarded as a risk mitigation strategy for alleviating the risks associated with agricultural runoff that contains pesticides. We investigated the partitioning pattern of wastewater-borne chlorpyrifos, a widely used organophosphorus pesticide, in non-vegetated and vegetated CWs. Removal rates of chlorpyrifos calculated from inflow and outflow concentrations ranged from...
Understanding the microbial communities responses to biopile procedures is an essential step in the field of microbial ecology and in bioremediation applications. In order to estimate metabolic dynamics at a microbial community level, we used Biolog Ecoplates. Assays showed that the bacterial communities from all samples were capable of utilizing a great variety from the 31 carbon substrates. Shannon’s...
Many factors influence the persistence of traces of pharmaceuticals in aqueous environments. Most important are the intensity of light and the presence of inorganic ions as well as organic matter. We studied the impact of some environmental factors (humic acids, NO₃⁻ and NO₂⁻ ions, solar light intensity, and ambient pH) on the stability and kinetics of photo-reactions of paracetamol, naproxen, and...
Detailed knowledge about site-specific aquifer characteristics, subsurface lithology, and groundwater potential can help to determine the depth and location of fresh groundwater quality. The present research study was carried out by conducting 80 vertical electrical sounding surveys (VESs) in Rahim Yar Khan District (RYK), Punjab, Pakistan to distinguish the fresh groundwater aquifer from saline groundwater...
A nitritation-anammox single-stage autotrophic nitrogen-removal system was started and achieved stable, efficient operation. The startup process occurred in three stages: aerobic granulation, nitritation regulation, and autotrophic nitrogen removal. Granular sludge was successfully incubated after 57 d of acclimation. Through an operating strategy of gradual reduction in organic loading and an increase...
The hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in biogas is poisonous and corrosive, so it is usually removed in the early stage of biogas upgrading. Dosing iron compounds directly into the anaerobic fermenter is an in-situ method for rough desulphurization. But it is difficult to estimate the appropriate amount of iron compound to add and overdosing is usually inevitable. Five kinds of iron compounds (FeCl₂, FeCl₃,...
Plant invasion succeeds because of such invader characteristics as fecundity and high-efficiency multiple reproduction modes. The acquisition of individual resources and the benefits of individual fitness are driven by optimum patterns of life history and trade-offs of reproductive allocation (RA) in plants, and variations in RA strategy play an key role in plant adaptation to environmental changes...
Progress in semiconductor technology in recent decades has been continuously innovative regarding renewable application. This paper presents fluctuationless output and increased energy captured by a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine system (VSWTS) through a composite action of peak power tracking (PPT) controllers in a closed-loop control of turbine speed...
The current research is an attempt to find out diurnal and monthly mean patterns of air pollutants, their interrelationships, and their dominant sources through hourly and monthly data analysis. Lahore is a semiarid region with low rainfall, hot and humid summers, and cold dry winters. Annually, the highest air quality index (AQI) (132 to 185) is observed from November to February due to inversion...
The characteristics of composite cadmium contamination via adsorption onto the surficial sediments in a pesticide (dimethoate, metalaxyl, atrazine, malathion, and prometryn)/heavy metal (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and nickel) composite contamination system were examined. To do this, a confounding designassisted resolution V of 2¹⁰⁻³ fractional factorial design method composed of a fixed effects...
Detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses were conducted to characterize slag wastes, leachate, and associated tufa precipitates at an iron slag dump near Kraków in southern Poland. The slag contained elevated content of Cr (1,800-6,500 mg/kg), V (500-1,800 mg/kg), and Zn (up to 4,500 mg/kg). The negative environmental impact posed by the wastes can be potentially caused by the formation of leachate...
Soil solutions were collected from soils contaminated differently by the emissions from a copper smelter and incubated with beech litter. Five times in 30 days of incubation, soil solutions were acquired with MacroRhizon samplers and examined using the chemometric approach and two ecotoxicological assays: Microtox with Vibrio fischeri bacteria and Phytotoxkit with Sinapis alba seeds. Copper speciation...
We explored the possibility of using allelochemicals from terrestrial plants to solve the problem of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated shallow lakes. The highly effective inhibitory allelochemicals of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and purslane seeds were extracted and purified through a series of procedures, and the chemical components of the purified extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographymass...
Identifying microbial yield and the pathway relating to nitrous oxide (N₂O) production in nitrification were essential prerequisites for modeling N₂O production and emissions. A thermodynamic method based on standard Gibbs free energy change of bio-chemical reaction was used to evaluate the NH₃-NO, NH₃-NO₂⁻ , NH₄⁺-NO, NH₄⁺-NO₂⁻ , NH₂OH-NO, and NH₂OH-NO₂⁻ reactions. Meanwhile, the stoichiometric equations...
Agriculture is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on the earth, but it also serves as a carbon sink, which has great potential for greenhouse gas absorption. Based on the scientific calculation system of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in agriculture, we calculated the carbon emissions and carbon sinks of agriculture using data from Hotan Prefecture for the period 1999-2014...
Waste vegetable fats are standardised by biobutanol in this article while replacing biodiesel. Viscosity, density, cold filter plugging point of fuel blend, oxidation stability, and flash point were measured to confirm that a fuel is so close to a fuel standard that it is possible to use it in engines without modification. Results of this analysis have allowed us to propose a new fuel product with...
Background: The main study objective was to determine the associations between mean daily concentrations of criteria air pollutants and the risks of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality at hospitals in Malaysia’s Klang Valley. Methods: The study period was 1-31 August 2005. Two areas in the valley, Port Klang and Kuala Lumpur, and two areas in northwestern Malaysia, Penang and Langkawi, were selected...
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