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The wood present in trade in Poland named as ‘Siberian larch’, in fact belongs to two tree species: Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. The term itself is rather associated with the origin of wood. While Larix sibirica wood is the subject of many research, characteristics of Larix gmelinii still require additions. The main aim of this paper was to describe the technical properties...
The objective of the study was to determine whether differences exist between the selected characteristics of Norway spruce cones and seeds depending on their location in the crown. The study was performed in two spruce tree stands growing under mountainous conditions (the Beskidy Mountains, southern Poland). In winter 2015, the cones were collected from 60 standing trees located in the two selected...
The purpose of this study was to present the possibilities of using available Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) created by the users of OpenStreetMap program and sports applications such as GPies.com or Endomondo to monitor the traffic in the forest area. In addition, areas where, due to high traffic, potential conflicts between different user groups may occur, were marked out. The research...
Skidding includes timber transport from the place of its harvest to the place of its storage, loading or pre−treatment. This process in the thinned stands can result in serious damage to the remaining trees. The purpose of the described research was to characterize and compare the size and location of damage in the thinned stands after forwarder skidding with the damages resulting from the combined...
The line intersect method is recommended for coarse woody debris (CWD) inventories. This is due to the fact that for the CWD volume estimation with the assumed standard error (SE), the total time of measurements using line sampling units is shorter than when using the fixed−area sample units. The aim of the research was to determine: (1) the number and size of sample units whose use will allow achieving...
Early thinning operations performed in relatively young stands, the most important element of the forest ecosystem, have a much greater impact on their stability than late thinning performed in the stands of older age classes. As regards early thinning, the method of tending cuts based on positive selection (selection and promotion of superior trees) developed by Ilmurzynski has formally been operating...
This article describes how the first forest maps in the Congress Kingdom of Poland were prepared and used. The source materials include the decisions of the governing authorities, special instructions for the forest surveyors, and original letters and reports related to the implementation of particular regulations. The principal cartographic materials consist of 22 surviving forestry area maps contained...
Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Pinus sylvestris growing on dry coniferous forest habitat after the fire were studied. In order to investigate the fire effect on ectomycorrhizal fungi and changes of soil parameters in the upper (0−15 cm) soil layer three study plots were established: 1 – the control, 2 – fire zone left for artificial renewal (with the economic method of renewal) and 3...
The State Forests, National Forest Holding, is increasingly burdened with the costs of nature protection, recreational development and certification. As a consequence, there is an increase in costs and limitations in forest management. The emphasis is also on different social and environmental functions, and as a result, income from the sale of wood becomes smaller. The aim of the study is to verify...
The study objectives were to identify external sources of financing the nature and forest education and to analyze the level of their use in regional directorates of the State Forests (RDSF) in the years 2006−2016. In addition, we studied the relationship between the amount of external and internal financing. As a data source, we used reports on educational activities of the State Forests for the...
The main aim of study was to present the stock and structure of deadwood in different site conditions. In total. sixteen study plots were established on wet broadleaved forest (Lw) and riparian alder forest (OlJ) sites. The objective was to determine the carbon accumulation in lying dead trees. The investigation was performed in the Czarna Rózga reserve in Central Poland (50°59‵37N; 20°01‵5E). All...
The issues of timber logging are not only of natural, but also of legal nature. A complicated procedure related to the certification of wood is required to ensure that wood can be subject to a course of trade. Wood trade is regulated by the national law. However, it is also delimited in the European Union legislation, which is extremely important in the context of Poland’s EU membership. The legality...
In the Beskid Żywiecki, the combination of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors unfavourable for the growth of trees led to the dieback of spruce stands. The intensification of this process began after the hurricane in November 2004, followed by years of negative climatic water balance. The deterioration of tree growth conditions occurred after the drought in July 2006 and damage caused by the...
The amount of timber extracted from Polish forests is expected to increase in near future. The most common equipment for timber extraction is an agricultural tractor with a trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane. The research was carried out in the Wymiarki Forest District (Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Góra) in the third (TP1) and fourth age class (TP2) in Scots pine stands,...
The article overviews the role of bats in the forest ecosystem (especially the European forest), the impact of environmental pollution on the forest and bats, and the issue of bats indication of the forest environment condition. Existing data on the transfer of pollutants to the environment and between the aquatic and terrestrial environment are reviewed. The water environment is an important receiver...
The main objective of the research was to evaluate the incremental response of Douglas fir and Scots pine subjected to strong environmental stress to variable thermal and precipitation conditions. We also attempted to determine periods of tree−ring width reduction caused by strong anthropopressure associated with the activities of nearby industrial plants, which are burdensome for the environment...
This article describes cyclic changes in the soil water storage that take place within developmental stages of the stands managed by clear−cutting system. The aim of the paper is to present possibilities of studying these changes and their significance for the dynamics of waterlogging of forest ecosystems and water outflow from the forest. Soil water storage (SWS) in forest soils undergoes cyclic...
Like in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki Mts., the dieback of Norway spruce stands takes place also in the Beskid Mały range. This process is clearly more intensive and occurs over a longer period of time. The conversion of these forests during the study period (2004−2016) resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of beech and fir as well as other, mostly deciduous tree species (tab. 1)....
The aim of the study was to compare the tree−ring width, latewood share and density of spruce wood from the mature stands occupying different forest habitats. 12 study plots were located in the north−eastern Norway spruce range in Poland (lowlands), whereas 16 in the south−western one (mountains). On the lowlands we chose stands growing on fresh mixed coniferous, humid mixed coniferous, fresh mixed...
This paper presents the genetic variability in the growth parameters and morphological traits, as well as the silvicultural quality of progeny of 23 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances from south−eastern Poland. The research was conducted on the experimental plot established in the Łosie Forest District in spring 2006. After 10 years, during the spring and autumn, we determined and measured...