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Four 4-field crop rotations with different share of potatoes: 25, 50, 75 and 100% (monoculture) were compared in 1976 - 1984 on brown soil in the Experiment Station Bezek. Soil samples for further investigations were taken from the layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm after the end of the 1st (1980) and 2nd rotation and after the harvest of plants. Fruits and seeds of weeds were isolated from the samples...
Yielding of field beans, common and field pea, common vetch, white, narrow-leaved and yellow lupine and oats on light soil assigned to the good ryeland complex was compared in 1983 - 1985. The yields of seed of leguminous crops were by 24 - 68% and those of oat units by 8 - 62% lower than those of oats. The highest protein yield from hectare were obtained at cultivation of common pea, common vetch...
Adaptation possibilities of the Вас’s method of calculation of water content in soil for irrigation purposes were estimated. To this agrometeorological information from agricultural experiment stations and standard meteorological data were used (for growing season 1980-1986). On this bas is the area with negative difference between precipitations and evaporation in central part of Poland has been...
Формулу Клатта используемую для оценки ресурсов почвенной влаги изменено введением коэффициентов действие которых заключается в определении: - потерь воды в период сниженных влагозапасов, - приходов воды, в случае выступления интенсивных осадков или после продолжительной засухи. Проведена испытательная серия исчислений влагозапасов по формуле Клатта и модифицированным методом. Положительное влияние...
In the reviev the effect of such factors like soil bulk density, soil moisture status, air-filled porosity and aggregation on soil aeration and redox status and thus on the transformations of nitrogen (denitrifaction, nitrification, nitrogen fixation and ammonification), manganese, and iron as well as on solubility of mercury, cadmium, and lead is discussed.
The author gives information about regional micronutrient supply in Hungary on the example of Fejer county. The general information of the couny, the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils are shown. The Cu-, Zn-, and Mn-supply of the soils, the plant analysis results and the micronutrients balance-sheets are also discussed.
The study is concerned with the course of sorption of Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions and with their washing, out with distilled water in sandy, loess, and loamy soils. Sorption was conducted according to the idynamic method. ODR and Eh were measured as indices of soil oxygenation. It was found that oxygen deficiency of the soils under study, with a change in their reaction from acid to neutral, resulted...
Sources of heavy metal emission; examples of heavy metal concentrations and distribution in soils; and the consequences of chemical degradation of agricultural land in Poland are disscused in this paper.
Up-to-date studies on erosion, including erosion on loessial soils, are based on the division of an actual topographic surface into three zones assumed a 'priori': top area, eroded slope area and foot-hill area as depositional area. As the main research method for the field survey the soil-levelling cross-section has been used most frequently. Although this method allowed us to introduce erosion protection...
The last years due to intensive industrial development, increasing canalization, changes in technology of animal husbandry (mainly rapid growth of the amount of liquid manure) the quantity of waste-water and sewage sludge is nearly three times higher in comparison to the 70's. The most rational and economic way for their decontamination is the disposal on agricultural fields without harmful side-effects...
The usual range of P in soils is of the order of 500 to 800 mg kg⁻¹; in Hungarian soils it is 200-900 mg kg⁻¹ [3,9]. Total P is usually highest in the upper A horizon and lowest in the lower A and upper B horizons because of recycling by plants. The organic P content (10-60 % of total-P) is the highest in the top layer and decreases with depth in all soils [9].
Displacement of fertilizer elements from arable soils to ground and surface waters is discussed. The rate of chemical elements leaching from soils was assessed by measuring their concentrations and outflow in drainage waters, and by measuring ion concentrations and outflow in surface runoff and watercourses draining farming areas.
The Author tries to find an answer to the question: how fertilization practice of our days meets the former fertilizing philosophy? When analysing the NPK balances of Hungarian agriculture, it can be seen that the surplus appearing in the nutrient galance-sheet is a consequence of intensive fertilization in the past. The Author discusses some important factors related to liming and fertilization on...
Water permeability of moderately wet soils, i.e., their unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water diffusivity are seldom measured directly, yet are often needed by numerical models to simulate transport processes. These functions can be evaluated from steady state water content and temperature profiles in heat pipes - closed columns of uniformly moistened soil subjected to temperature gradient...
The results of physical simulation of interaction processes of liquid flow and different components of root layer are presented. Phenomena of flow around different structures of the soil, also inclusions and the roots among others are considered. The discussion is presented in respect to opportunity of using the model systems with rather high Reynolds numbers (Re), than usually accepted in the soil...
Two nonionic flocculants, Magnafloc 351 and Rokrysol WF-1, have been applied in different doses to two pseudopodzolic soils: sandy and loessial. The filtration rate, evaporation and aggregate stability have been measured. The amount of the leached flocculants has been used as an estimation of their bonding force to the soil phase. The investigated soil properties have been improved under the influence...
Changes in chemical properties, mineralogical composition and microstructure of the taiga surface-gley forest and cultivated soils were studied. The cultivated soil was previously drained, limed and manured. Different dozes of NPK were applied during 5 and 20 years. Perennial grasses were grown on the plots studied. Long - term application of small dozes of NPK (40 - 100 kg ha⁻¹) contributed to a...
The values of the evapotranspiration calculated by the energy balance method were compared with corresponding results obtained by means of the EVASU model. Experimental data were obtained during NOPEX - First Concentrated Field Effort (CFE1). The CFE1 was realized in May-June 1994 in Lövsta, Sweden. The investigated vegetation were grass, spring barley, rye and winter wheat. Taking into account the...
The paper presents the results of measurements of shrinkage characteristic for alluvial clay soils from the Delta of Vistula River. Measurements were conducted on undisturbed soil aggregates using ‘so-called’ saran resin method. Five following shrinkage characteristic models were fitted to measured data: four segment analytical model, combined exponential-linear model, general soil volume changes...
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