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It was about thirty years ago, when the edition of 'Slownik jezyka polskiego', ed. by W. Doroszewski (SJPD), the greatest general dictionary of Polish in 20th century was completed. This dictionary is the latest great-scale lexicographical undertaking in Poland. Then some smaller dictionaries were edited, e.g. 'Slownik jezyka polskiego' ed. by M. Szymczak, which is based on the SJPD materials. Up...
Lexicographical description of 'pluralia tantum' that aspires to scientific standards needs a fundamental revision. The scope of this inflected category should be redefined by including in it all lexemes described in dictionaries as 'only in the plural' (tylko w lm) and most of the nouns with the description 'usually in the plural' (zwykle w lm). Specialist lexis needs especially thorough revision...
The analysis of almost 500 unofficial names of the inhabitants of Olszowa and Palesnica (Tarnów district) showed how the studied population perceives the world. Their thinking is dichotomous and leads to the division of the world in two categories 'natives' (whose character is not ridiculed in nicknames) and 'strangers'. This dichotomy values 'natives' and deprecates 'strangers'. The group of 'strangers'...
The semantic diffusion is defined as non determining of the content of linguistic signs (the morphemes, words, word groups, sentences, texts), the indistinct character of borders between semantic categories in the system of language as well as in the linguistic communication. Semantic diffusion is a multiaspectual phenomenon, characteristic both for language, as and for parole. In the first part of...
The article presents syntactic and semantic analysis of a lexical item 'ot' on a background of contemporary Polish lexicography. 'Ot' represents a grammatical class of parenthetic asyntagmatics. It is a deictic and metatextual phrase. It confirms that the given utterance is true and indicates that according to a speaker there is nothing in the utterance that should be noticed by the hearer.
The article aims to show how two different methodologies complement each other. The first - fields theory is older, the second - frame theory represents cognitive approach to language. The frame theory refers to human experience and schematised knowledge about the world and as such creates interesting perspectives for semantic description and way of understanding a word as a part of a system and a...
Language teaching at school is closely connected with linguistics. Language teaching benefits from both classical and new linguistics fields but it is not their simplified version. It realises its own educational goals. It has its own subject which main interest lies in language activities. Its theoretical basis is formed not only by linguistic studies but also by pedagogy and psychology. The transformation...
In the article, three sources of corpus engineering are mentioned: (a) theoretical and descriptive achievements of structural linguistics, (b) the formal apparatus of generative theories, and (c) the development of computational tools. For the last decades, the Polish language has been satisfactorily accounted for both in terms of morphology and syntax. On that basis, two corpus search engines have...
The article proposes a preliminary semantic classification of Polish epistemic particles. On the basis of semantic analysis of the particles (concerning their relation to such notions as knowledge, truth, confirmation and negation) basic semantic oppositions in the analysed subsystem are shown. Six groups of epistemic particles are described as a result of used semantic criteria.
The article discusses the derivational activeness of anthroponymes on the basis of word formation nests listed in the 'Slownik gniazd slowotwórczych wspólczesnego jezyka ogólnopolskiego' (2001) (The Dictionary of Word Formation Nests in Contemporary Standard Polish). The set of the word formation categories for words motivated by anthroponymes (word formation paradigm) bas been established. The article...
The article presents retrospective view on current attempts to describe Polish phraseology of the Bible origin. The author starts with synthetic survey of the studies that register these indicators of Polish biblical language and shows different factors that influence their quantitative estimation. He also presents results of his own studies of the evolution and stylistic properties of the most popular...
The article describes a contribution of the Kraków linguists (represented by scientists from Jagiellonian University and Polish Academy of Sciences - Onomastic Department, later Anthroponimic Department in the Institute of Polish Language PAN ) to the studies on personal names. The authoress emphasises the achievements of professor W. Taszycki, the initiator of onomastic studies, and of his co-workers,...
Synthetic studies on Polish anthroponymy rarely deal with the period between the 16th and 18th centuries but the number of works dedicated to the development of names in particular places and areas of Poland is increasing. The authoress presents the project of the synthesis prepared in the Institute of Polish Language PAN, where a large set of Polish anthroponymes from the period will be described.
Preslavic verb '*per-ti' (to push) and its prefix derivatives constituted the base for many law terms (nouns and verbs) in Polish and other Slavic languages. It may be explained by the fact that the meaning of the root of the verb is essential in expressing different kinds of interpersonal conflicts. The author shows the terms that named activities in Old Polish legal vocabulary and continued preslavic...
Inversion uses change so called natural (neutral) order of words in a sentence for stylistic purposes and as such is especially useful in studies of poetry. The author analyses inversive nominal phrases in baroque poetry (basing on 'Kanikula' and 'Lutnia' by J. A. Morsztyn). Inversion as a linguistic phenomenon consists in linear extension of textual structures or in transforming basic (initial) linear...
The article presents point of view of Onufry Kopczynski on ways of description of Polish sounds and the way how he described Polish speech sounds in the first Polish grammars in the 70s and 80s of 18th century as well as in so called 'Gramatyka Pozgonna' (the book published after his death in 1817). These works were a point of reference for next generation of Polish grammarians before the birth of...
The centenary of birth of professor Tadeusz Milewski is celebrated in 2006. He was a professor of Jagiellonian University, an outstanding linguist, a language theoretician, a specialist in Polish, Slavic and Indo-European studies. T. Milewski studied theoretical aspects of phonology, theory of sign, typology of languages, languages of North American Indians, African and Caucasian languages. His description...
AThe major point of the article is the claim that the language of contemporary politics is getting poorer, looses its elegance and becomes more and more primitive. The author seeks the reasons of this pauperization in the trends of contemporary culture. He shows main features of the phenomenon: turn towards commonness and informality, emotionality of expressions, hermetic vision of the world, impossibility...
Since Poland entered the European Union and some of the EU countries opened their markets to citizens of the new EU members, many Poles and other Eastern Europeans decided to emigrate, mainly in search of work. The paper reports on some facts and figures concerning the Polish community in Ireland after May 1, 2004, and it presents new initiatives promoting the Polish language and culture in the Irish...
The article discusses the origin and the evolution of the forms of compound numerals in the dialects of Podhale, Orava and Spisz. The author proves the existence of a strong German influence on the development of numerals in these dialects, and shows it on the example of traditional ways of counting sheep. The author also shows the influence of Slovak dialects on the dialects of the Polish highlands.
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