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The aim of the article is to define the scope and outline the development tendencies in the Polish environmental penal code encompassing a set of provisions referring to crimes and offences against the environment. The situation in the field of crimes against the environment is the following: most of the regulations are in Chapter XXII of the Penal Code - 'Crimes against the environment', and the...
The author presents the evolution of the scope of the subject matter of public service secret and then discusses the definition specified in the Act of 1999 on the protection of secret information. The author shows there is a contradiction between the statutory definition of a public service secret and the content of article 61, item 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 (referring...
The aim of this article is to show how the concept of state sovereignty develops in the present era of fast progress in technology and aviation industry. It is worth asking a question about the influence of such trends as regionalization, privatization and globalization, and even terrorism in air traffic on the modern concept of sovereignty. The authoress discusses and analyzes the process of evolution...
The work aims at showing a problem connected with the ability of free creation of reserves by an employer which produces a change of a financial results and, in consequence, decides about the employees' entitlement to bonuses in case when it was, in accordance with the autonomous sources of employment law, made dependent on the existence of profits. The article analyzes the provisions of the Act on...
The article discusses the issues of cyber-crime regulations in the Polish Penal Code of 1997 and whether they are in accordance with the Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA on attacks against information systems. In fact, it is composed of two parts. The first one deals with the characteristic features of the Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA provisions which include definitions of the basic concepts...
The aim of the discussion is to confront one of the circumstances that exclude criminality of an act, the so-called collision of duties (of the same importance), with the three-element structure of the crime. Differentiation of individual spheres of attributing or excluding criminality of an act (character of an act, unlawfulness, guilt) is connected with specific legal and penal consequences, and...
The aim of the work is to analyze screening procedures for the access to secret information. It shows its complexity, dynamics and procedural stipulations. On the one hand, they are to guarantee tightness in the access to secret information; on the other hand, they should protect an individual from the arbitrariness of governing bodies. The main method adopted for the examination of the problem was...
Inefficiency of the present model of preparatory proceedings, which results in the significant lengthening of the whole penal procedure and causes inability to finish it within reasonable time limits, creates a necessity to develop a new model. It is suggested that in the model to be developed preparatory proceedings should not play the present role and clarify all the circumstances of an event and...
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