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In the last centuries the cultural development of the Ruthenian population in Slovakia was markedly influenced not only by its geographic position on the crossroads between East and West, by its traditional socio-economic backwardness and political immaturity of its representation, but also by its creative intelligentsia's inclination toward romanticism and their naive reaction for actual problems...
In 1941 the London Czechoslovak emigration led by Edvard Benes came to conviction that it is necessary to resettle the German and Hungarian population from the post-war renewed Czechoslovakia and the country borders have to be changed to ethnic borders. The population exchange that began in 1947 - with longer or shorter interruptions - lasted to December 1948. 89 660 Hungarians were resettled from...
After the end of the Second World War an extensive movement of certain groups of the population began in the entire Central Europe. These evoke spontaneous efforts to find a new home and life, but also a wide implementation of compulsory and forced migration as a tool of the Czechoslovak residential policy. A part of it was also the unprecedented migration of Gypsies to which the Czech organisations...
After the liberation in 1945, it was expected that the Russian and Ukrainian minority schools in Slovakia will have a determining role not only in the field of education and the spread of enlightenment, but also in the effort to revitalise national life of Ruthenians and Ukrainians. In this meaning, the national minority schools were supported even by official representation of the national minority...
A special way of the land redistribution - inner colonization existed during the Land reform in Czechoslovakia in 1918-1938. Three colonies were established in the East Slovakia (Velke Kapusany, Streda nad Bodrogom a Botany). People who came to the colonies sought improving their economic position and social situation. They wanted to reach the self-sufficiency for them and their family. Land area...
The status of Hungarian minority has changed after the formation of Czechoslovak Republic. Attitudes of Hungarian inhabitants who lived in Slovakia were not constant to Czechoslovak Republic. They changed under influence of political progress. In Slovakia existed two major Hungarian parties - Orszagos Keresztenyiszocialista Part and Magyar Nemzeti Part, besides them there were some minor parties....
Establishment of Czechoslovak Republic as one of the states formed out of the debris of Austro-Hungarian Empire had a profound impact upon political, economic and social situation of Slovakia. Besides Czechs and Slovaks, Czechoslovakia became also a home of several ethnic communities. In Slovakia, the most numerous and politically significant ethnic group was Hungarian minority. The paper, in a concise...
Attitudes of German and Hungarian inhabitants who lived in Slovakia were not constant to Czechoslovak Republic. They changed under the influence of political progress. The main factors were geographical heterogeneity and different political orientations. The most important difference was between members of German minority who lived in Bratislava (gathered in Karptendeutsche Partei) and Germans who...
The paper deals with problems of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia in the 20th century. It monitors the perception of history on the example of anti-Hungarian measures after the Second World War on the basic of results of sociology – socio-psychological research of Institute of Social Sciences in Košice.
The main motive of this article is an analysis of the primary problems of transformation of secondary and vocational schools in Košice in the interwar period. The work systematizes knowledge of the Slovak history and the history of education and pedagogy and, through them, exploring in detail the problems of building of Slovak schools, which were crucial for the establishment of Czechoslovakia.
The main threat, in view of Czechoslovak political representation during inter-war period, was a policy of Hungary aimed at revision of Trianon Peace Treaty. This issue was also permanently analysed, judged and evaluated in contemporary Czechoslovak press. The Czech and Slovak periodicals commented on measures taken by Hungarian politicians in regard to strategy which should led to achieve a status...
The article deals with the Hungarian minority parties in Slovakia in the thirtieth years of 20th century. It describes their political activities, political orientation of these political parties and attitudes of Hungarian inhabitants toward Czechoslovak Republic.
Educational system was completely transformed after formation of Czechoslovak Republic. The former Hungarian schools were closed and replaced by the new Czechoslovakia. In this way Šafárik Czechoslovak state real high school was established in Prešov on 17the March 1919. The first years of school existence were turbulent. In the city were groups that believed in the restoration of pre-war status and...
The paper analyse concisely a history of Hungarian community in Czechoslovak Republic after 1918. Similarly as the majority society – Slovaks, the Hungarians underwent a dramatic flow of changes – adaption to conditions of the First Republic (1945 – 1948), a period of communist dictate and democratic changes after November 1989. Each of these periods affected lives of Hungarians living in Slovakia...
On the national level the Constitutional Act No. 144/1968 which regulated the status of nationalities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was certainly a unique legislative action in the field of minority rights. It guaranteed certain minority rights at least to four explicitly mentioned nationalities. The aim of this paper is to describe briefly the development of the protection of national minorities...
Historical development of the Roma population affected Czechoslovakia in the years of the communist regime interventions, leading to its urbanization. Representatives of the Communist regime prohibited by law No. 74/58 the free movement of Roma groups, especially nomadic. Following reform of the state administration meant the collapse of plans for the definitive establishment of the Roma population...
The study deals with the problem of legal framework of the socialist Czechoslovakia in the 1960 ́s and experiments in law regarding the position of national minorities. After 1960 all main branches of Czechoslovak law were re-codified and Czechoslovak law especially in Civil and Economic law breached all civil law traditions and introduced what was regarded as a socialist law. The experiments influenced...
Legal regulation of the position of minorities has had a long and complex tradition in the Czech lands. In 1938, so-called minority status was under preparation; it represented a systematic legal regulation of the position of ethnic and language minorities. After World War II, the rights of minorities were generally refused and no regulation in this respect existed. The political relief of 1968 brought...
In our study we intend to highlight the importance of biographical sources by the intellectual generation of Hungarians living in Czechoslovakia, namely by the biographies of leading personalities form the Sarló (Sickle) Movement and the Circles of Prochaska. Besides the presentation of the methodology of biographies the study deals with the two examined youth movements. Within presents the reminiscences...
The paper is analysing causes and character of irredentist activities of Hungarian governments in relation to Czechoslovakia during the monitored period. Principal aim of irredenta was to establish an alternative to the direct annexation of Slovakia, or at least of part of the Slovak territory inhabited by the Hungarian minority. The goal of irredenta, besides other, was also to reinforce ethnic awareness...
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