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Ecuador is a country with rich cultural and linguistic diversity. However, this diversity has been endangered due to contact between indigenous languages and Spanish. The objective of this paper is to describe the languages and language policy of Ecuador. Attention is devoted mainly to the indigenous languages and to the possibility of their revitalization. The text surveys their sociolinguistic situation...
The aim of the article is to propose a suitable system of usage classifications for a Czech monolingual dictionary in preparation. We presuppose that the labeling of linguistic items should reflect the situation of their typical usage rather than their association with a structural variety of Czech (e.g. Standard Czech, dialects or Common Czech). The proposed system is based on our understanding of...
In this article we describe a model of Czech intonation that is based on Daneš’s system of nuclear contours (1957), though, unlike Daneš’s system, it is formally inspired by autosegmental (tone-based) theory. After discussing the fundamental principles of the stylisation (prosodic phrase, types of tonal events, their scaling and their functions) we present and illustrate the inventories of prenuclear...
This article deals with literary testimony as an author’s response to previous objectivation. We can observe objectivation in its delimited form through the act of arrest, as there is a sudden transformation of the subject into the object during this act. Inverse movement occurs in narrative where, through literary means, the narrator is staged as the center of meaning proliferation. Each of the two...
At the beginning of the third millennium, projects based on the linguistic geography method are being finalized. Territorial dialects, the object of research, are in decline. In the context of the Czech language, the state of dialects is recorded in the Czech Linguistic Atlas (1992–2011). Among others, this atlas shows how earlier contact with German dialects is manifested in the so-called Sudetenland,...
This paper presents and discusses the results of an experiment testing the validity of the Trace Deletion Hypothesis (Grodzinsky 1989, 2000) in Czech. The Trace Deletion Hypothesis (= TDH) was proposed to account for a receptive syntactic deficit in Broca’s aphasics that involves structures containing transformational operations such as the passive. According to the assumptions of the TDH, in passive...
This article discusses the significant role of František Daneš’s work in the area of grammatical theory. It deals with the question of center and periphery in the structure of grammatical units. It shows that elements of systemic analysis are essential both for traditional grammar and for functional-semantic grammatical research. Particular attention is devoted to the concepts of “functional-semantic...
Enantiosemy describes a situation in which a lexical unit acquires opposing meanings as a result of long-term semantic development. In this article, using several examples from Old Czech, I show how the enantiosemic status of words results from the development of lexical units or (sub-)systems. In the first example, the verb ublížit (to harm) has gained (on the background of words blízký, bližní,...
The article is devoted to the Czech linguist Miroslav Komárek, both to commemorate his 90th birthday (which he unfortunately can no longer celebrate) and to provide insight into his theory of morphology and later morphological work inspired by it. The first part reflects morphology in the context of grammatical descriptions before Komárek, comparing them with the methodology of the Prague School’s...
The aim of the present study is to analyse the organized and simple management of the derivation of feminine counterparts from masculine surnames in Czech on the basis of Language Management Theory (LMT). Two aspects of this issue arouse controversies: 1) the use of the masculine forms of surnames instead of feminine derivatives by some Czech women; 2) the legal regulation of surname usage, which...
In this paper, I present an outline of the process of language problem management, which draws on the common elements of various models of the process of problem management in general. Since language problems are just one group of human problems occurring in various domains of life, I reached the conviction that a workable model of language problem management should build on problem management in...
This article’s main aim is to determine the advantages and limits in the utilization of a specifically developed type of follow-up method in combination with language biography interviews. The material consists of a series of language biography interviews conducted in Czech with Vietnamese women in their 20s and 30s who migrated to the Czech Republic as children, and subsequent follow-up interviews...
Against the background of various linguistic and non-linguistic fields of study, we present an initial definition of the concept of language management as an activity focused on any aspect of language or communication or on language or communication as a whole. We explain the position of Language Management Theory (LMT) as a sociolinguistic theory in relation to varying paradigms of language policy...
The aim of this paper is to re-examine the process model of LMT from theoretical as well as practical perspectives in order to harmonize it with other process models and widen its scope of analysis. In contrast to the ‘classic’ LMT process model, other process models on policy and management usually include a post-implementation stage. To examine the utility of this stage, a concrete case concerning...
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