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The aim of the paper is to compare the names used by the Christians and the Jews in the 18th century in the territory of North-East Poland. The most widely used pattern of Jewish surnames used in 18th century is represented by Hebrew or Yiddish names + suffix '-owicz' in this region. A typical pattern of surnames used by Christians in North-East Poland is the formation using the suffix '-uk/-czuk'. Surnames based on common nouns, often used by Christians, were not typical of the Jews.