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Water-in-CO 2 reverse micelles stabilized by ionic perfluoroalkyl and non-ionic perfluoropolyether surfactants were used to host amino acids and polypeptides in supercritical (SC) CO 2 . The minimum pressure at which micellization occurs (P trans ) was found to be affected by the surfactant concentration and H 2 O/CO 2 ratio. Due to the differences in hydrophilic/CO...
Results reported in Part 1 of this series showed that paper strength improvements could be optimized by varying pH and the overall content of ionic groups in random terpolymers containing a fixed molar ratio of acidic and basic monomeric groups. Further treatment of kraft fiber slurries with polyaluminum chloride (PAC), after polyampholyte addition, yielded significant strength benefits. The present...
Polyampholytes, which are macromolecules that contain both positive and negative ionizable groups, can provide superior strength improvements for paper manufacture, compared to the addition of simple polyelectrolytes. Colloidal effects, which were measured in solution and in fiber suspensions, were consistent with observed bonding effects. The same colloidal effects were found to correlate with the...
Colloidal titrations of commercial acrylamide-based terpolymers having both weak-acidic and weak-basic groups were carried out at pH 3 and 11, using a streaming current technique. At these pH values it was found that the polyampholytes could be considered as simple polyelectrolytes, though it was necessary to use a modified titration procedure. The titration endpoint defined by zero streaming current...
The colloidal and electrokinetic behavior of three amphoteric acrylamide-based water-soluble terpolymers of high molecular mass was elucidated in terms of their structure and composition, using potentiometric and colloidal titrations, as well as microelectrophoresis, viscometry, and turbidity measurements. Independent variables included polymer composition, pH, and the concentration of salt ions....
In the first part of this series it was shown that the stoichiometry of complexation between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes became increasingly dependent on the order of addition as the concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions were increased. This study considers the effect of aluminum ions on titrations between solutions of a strong poly-acid and a strong poly-base. In addition, the titratable...
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