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We demonstrated a novel fabrication technique of 3-D biobattery packs by folding or stacking 2-D paper-based biobatteries for their series and/or parallel connections. A stackable, high-performance bacteria-powered battery was developed by folding two functional components (i.e. a conductive hydrophilic reservoir as an anode and a solid electron acceptor as a cathode) integrated into a single sheet...
We developed a paper-based self-powered sensor patch for detecting glucose levels in sweat. This wearable, non-invasive biosensor made use of the integration of a vertically stacked paper-based glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell into a standard Band-Aid patch. The paper-based device, attached directly to human skin, wicked sweat from human skin and monitored an electrochemical energy conversion as...
In this work, we report paper-based microbial fuel cells (MFCs) that produce high power and current densities from one drop of bacteria-containing liquid. The devices feature (i) a simple and versatile fabrication technique by using paper as a substrate and (ii) an exceptional performance by incorporating novel nanostructured polymers, PAA-Poly (amic) acid) and PPDD-Poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-p-phenylene...
We demonstrate the use of a paper-based sensing platform for rapid and high-throughput characterization of microbial electricity-generating capabilities. For the first time, a 48-well microbial fuel cell (MFC) array was fabricated on paper substrates, providing 48 high-throughput measurements and highly comparable performance characteristics in a reliable manner. Spatially distinct 48 wells of the...
We report a microliter-sized (140 µL) microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensor integrated with a three-electrode configuration and an air-bubble trap, in which microorganisms act as the sensor for toxic substances in water. The small-scale MFC biosensor produced favorable conditions for (i) reducing measurement time by increasing the probability of cell attachment and biofilm formation in the micro-sized...
We report a paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) generating a maximum power of 5.5 μW/cm2. The MFC features (1) a paper-based proton exchange membrane by infiltrating sulfonated sodium polystyrene sulfonate and (2) micro-fabricated paper chambers by patterning hydrophobic barriers of photoresist. Once a sample was added to the device, a current of 74 μA generated without any startup time. This paper-based...
We report an array of three microliter-sized microbial fuel cells (MFC) that can produce 100 μW. Individual MFCs were integrated on two sandwiched glass slides, and had two 50 μL-sized chambers each (Geobactor sp. in the anode, ferricyanide in the cathode chambers, respectively) separated by a cation exchange membrane (CEM). The three MFCs were formed in a series array to produce 1.8 V at the maximum...
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