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The interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in magnetic multilayers determines the spin orientation of individual magnetic layers comprising the system. The dependence of the resistance on the resulting spin configuration in turn leads to the phenomenon known as giant magnetoresistance (GMR). [1] The GMR effect is of key importance to the area of spintronics, in which the spin degree of freedom is utilized...
New cross-segmented power supply rails for roadway-powered electric vehicles are proposed in this paper for reducing construction cost and EMF. The proposed rail consists of two pairs of power cables, core, bidirectional power switches, a transformer, capacitors, and harness. Each rail is connected through a switch box, which can change the current direction of a pair of power cables. Hence, adding...
We propose a simple and efficient off-chip coupler for vertical coupling between optical fibers and InP-based slab waveguides. Etching angle of the waveguide edge is controlled by an etching jig made of SiO2-coated aluminum for ICP-RIE. Simulation shows that maximum 71% coupling efficiency would be obtained by matrix expansion methods.
This study was conducted to find out the difference of heart rate variability between pre-and post-inhalation of anion. Mean heart rate was decreased and RMSSD (Square root of the mean of the sum of the square of differences between adjacent NN intervals) was increased significantly.
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