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The initial oxidation of the W(110) surface was studied when the surface is covered with a small amount of praseodymium. In contrast to cerium, praseodymium does not show a catalytic effect at the initial stage of oxidation. This non-catalytic behavior of praseodymium is due to the fact that praseodymium oxide has covalent bonding. As a result, praseodymium oxide cannot incorporate the movement of...
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