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Background
Exposure to environmental pollutants promotes Th2 cell responses. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation aggravates allergic responses. Epithelium‐derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)‐25, and IL‐33 are implicated in the dysregulation of Th2 immune responses in severe allergic asthma.
Methods
Bronchial biopsies of 28 allergic severe asthma and 6 mild asthma...
Background
Several studies have demonstrated that allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT) can be an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, there is no relevant mouse model to investigate the mechanism and validate the novel modality of SIT in AD.
Methods
NC/Nga mice with induced AD‐like skin lesions received a subcutaneous injection of SIT (an extract of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae...
Background
Microbial colonization of the airway plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma; however, the effect of the upper airway microbiome on childhood asthma is not fully understood. We analyzed the metagenome of airway microbiome to understand the associated role of upper airway microbiome with the natural course of childhood asthma.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children...
Background
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen‐mediated clinicopathologic disease of the esophagus characterized by an eosinophil‐predominant inflammatory infiltrate. A clinical hallmark is extensive tissue remodeling including basal zone hyperplasia, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for these processes are not fully defined. We hypothesized...
The objective of the study was to compare nasal, pharyngeal, and sputum eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) levels with induced sputum eosinophil percentage in 10 adults with poorly controlled asthma and 10 normal controls. EPX was measured using an ELISA and normalized for grams of protein for nasal and pharynx specimens and for mL‐gram of protein for sputum. Sputum EPX levels were statistically different...
BackgroundEosinophils are hallmark cells of allergic Th2 respiratory inflammation. However, the relative importance of eosinophil activation and the induction of effector functions such as the expression of IL‐13 to allergic Th2 pulmonary disease remain to be defined.
MethodsWild‐type or cytokine‐deficient (IL‐13−/− or IL‐4−/−) eosinophils treated with cytokines (GM‐CSF, IL‐4, IL‐33) were adoptively...
Anaphylaxis to galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS), a prebiotic, has been described in atopic patients following its supplementation in commercial milk formula in South‐East Asia. The epidemiology of this usual allergy to a carbohydrate is unknown. This study evaluated the prevalence of allergy to two formulations of commercial GOS, Vivinal™GOS (vGOS) and Oligomate™, in an atopic cohort. Atopic subjects...
BackgroundAs Korea has experienced rapid economic development, the lifestyles of Koreans have become more Westernized, in terms of urbanization and dietary habits. Also, the prevalences of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis, have increased rapidly. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the symptoms of rhinitis conditions, including rhinitis, allergic rhinitis,...
BackgroundThe importance and specific role(s) of eosinophils in modulating the immune/inflammatory phenotype of allergic pulmonary disease remain to be defined. Established animal models assessing the role(s) of eosinophils as contributors and/or causative agents of disease have relied on congenitally deficient mice where the developmental consequences of eosinophil depletion are unknown.
MethodsWe...
BackgroundSputum eosinophilia has been shown to be a predictor of response to anti‐eosinophil therapies in patients with airway diseases. However, quantitative cell counts and differentials of sputum are labor intensive. The objective of this study was to validate a novel ELISA‐based assay of eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) in sputum as a rapid and reliable marker of airway eosinophils.
MethodsThe utility...
Several lines of evidence suggest that deficiency of eosinophils is not associated with any characteristic abnormality. Patients lacking eosinophils, in the setting of immunodeficiency or as a consequence of IgG‐mediated eosinophil precursor destruction, do not display any distinguishing abnormalities related to eosinophil reduction. The observation that eosinophil‐deficient mice do not display any...
BackgroundTransforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 produced in airway epithelia has been suggested as a contributor to the airway remodeling observed in asthma patients. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is a demonstrable modulator of TGF‐β1 production and thus a potential regulator of airway remodeling.
ObjectivesTo define the signal event by which SHP2 regulates asthmatic responses in airway epithelial...
To cite this article: Hong S‐W, Kim M‐R, Lee E‐Y, Kim JH, Kim Y‐S, Jeon SG, Yang J‐M, Lee B‐J, Pyun B‐Y, Gho YS, Kim Y‐K. Extracellular vesicles derived from Staphylococcus aureus induce atopic dermatitis‐like skin inflammation. Allergy 2011; 66: 351–359.
AbstractBackground: Recently, we found that Staphylococcus aureus produces extracellular vesicles (EV) that contain pathogenic proteins. Although...
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