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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of markers of oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and inflammation and decreased neurotransmitter levels have been reported in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Minocycline may have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide, a compound that induces oxygen free radical production. In A5235,...
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia of HIV-infected individuals and SIV pneumonia of macaques are both characterized by diffuse infiltration of the lungs with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. This study was undertaken to determine whether there are specific, macrophage-tropic genotypes that selectively replicate in the lung of macaques with SIV pneumonia, as in SIV encephalitis. Using a...
An increased recognition of the role of endothelial cells in disease and the development of methods for endothelial cell culture has led to an upsurge inin vitrostudies of endothelial cell function. However, the cells most often used for these studies do not reflect thein vivoheterogeneity of endothelial cells. To assess intrinsic differences between large and small vessel endothelial cells from different...
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction has been postulated to be important in the pathogenesis of HIV dementia. This study used anin vitromodel of the blood–brain barrier to determine the effects of ovine lentivirus (OvLV) infection on endothelial cells. The replication of two American OvLV isolates and two Icelandic OvLV isolates in pure cultures of endothelial cells isolated from brain was compared to...
Antigenic variation is a characteristic feature of lentiviral infection. The SIV/macaque model of AIDS provides an ideal system in which to investigate the molecular basis of antigenic variation. The purpose of this study was to genetically map the nucleotide changes inenvthat alter the neutralization phenotype of SIV. Serum taken from an SIV mac 239-infected macaque (2D) at 30 weeks postinoculation...
HIV-1 infection of the CNS plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia that frequently accompanies systemic AIDS. Both adult and pediatric AIDS are characterized by a high proportion of CNS disease. However, the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for ADDS dementia are not understood. A transgenic mouse model using the LTRs of two CNS-derived strains of HIV-1 (HIV-1 JR-CSF and HIV-1...
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