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This article identifies the factors which determine the electoral strategies of political parties in multi-level systems and describes how they can influence these strategies. It particularly focuses on the two aspects: regionalisation and “nationalisation” (centralisation) of the strategies. In the first case, state-wide parties allow their regional branches to develop their own strategies, in the...
The main focus of this article is the changing character of relations between political parties and interest groups. The specific aspect of such change is explored, that is the situation when interest groups take over some functions usually performed by political parties. This phenomenon is illustrated by the case of “Solidarity” trade union, as exceptional, border-crossing phenomenon.
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