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Chronic endobronchial infections in children are responsible for a high disease burden. Streptococcus pneumoniae is frequently isolated; however, few publications have described serotypes associated with non-invasive lower airway infection.Paired nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were collected from children undergoing bronchoscopy for chronic cough. NP swabs were also...
A major obstacle to the development of broadly protective M protein-based group A streptococcal (GAS) vaccines is the variability within the N-terminal epitopes that evoke potent bactericidal antibodies. The concept of M type-specific protective immune responses has recently been challenged based on the observation that multivalent M protein vaccines elicited cross-reactive bactericidal antibodies...
This report summarizes the first meeting of a panel of immunization experts who met in Washington, DC, on May 4-5, 2012. The panel consisted of experts from national immunization policy organizations; state, regional, and local immunization programs; and vaccinating health care practices. The primary objective of this meeting was to identify issues in the vaccine delivery process as a critical first...
Since the end of the 1991 Gulf War, there have been reports of unexplained, multisymptom illnesses afflicting veterans who consistently report more symptoms than do nondeployed veterans. One of the many possible exposures suspected of causing chronic multisymptom illnesses Gulf War veterans is squalene, thought to be present in anthrax vaccine. We examined the relationship between squalene antibodies...
IAVI-006 was the first large randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical trial to systematically investigate the prime-boost strategy for induction of HIV-1 specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) in a factorial trial design using (i) priming with 0.5mg or 2mg of pTHr.HIVA DNA vaccine, followed by (ii) two booster vaccinations with 5×10 7 MVA.HIVA at weeks 8 and 12...
This study explores adverse events severe enough to warrant hospitalization that may have been associated with receiving the smallpox vaccine in conjunction with military service. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the risk of hospitalization among US active-duty military personnel during a 1-year period following receipt of the smallpox vaccine. The reference group consisted of...
Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by the intestinal parasite Eimeria; it causes significant financial losses to the commercial poultry industry worldwide. CoxAbic ( R) is the first commercially available subunit vaccine against coccidiosis. The vaccine consists of affinity purified sexual stage (gametocyte) antigens (APGA) isolated from Eimeria maxima. Production of this vaccine is time-consuming...
The insertion of a specific 25-residue internal peptide into ricin toxin A chain (RTA) reduced the catalytic activity of this protein ~300-fold. Directed proteolytic cleavage of the peptide insert essentially restored catalytic activity of the resulting two peptide A chain to normal levels. Ricin holotoxin containing unprocessed mutant A chain was not toxic to cultured mammalian cells, due to enhanced...
We compared 1998 hospitalizations in active-duty US military personnel for possible temporal association with anthrax immunization. Immunization, demographic, and hospitalization data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling for hospitalization within 42 days of vaccination. Discharge diagnoses were aggregated into 14 International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification...
The outer capsid protein of rotavirus, VP7, is a major neutralization antigen. A chimeric protein comprising Escherichia coli (E. coli) outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and part of porcine rotavirus VP7 containing all three antigenic regions (217 amino acids) was expressed in Salmonella and E. coli as an outer-membrane associated protein. Mice immunized intraperitoneally or orally, respectively, with...
Affinity-purified gametocyte antigens (APGA) from Eimeria maxima, emulsified in Freund's adjuvant, were injected intramuscularly into breeding hens on two or three occasions. As a result, progeny of the immunized hens were partially immune to infection with E. maxima, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina (with a reduction in total oocyst output of 45-63% as compared with progeny of untreated hens)...
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