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We describe fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies of film formation by a new type of two-component latex particles. These particles consist of a miscible blend of two components that have a similar composition but very different molecular weights. In our approach, we used sequential seeded emulsion polymerization to generate (in situ) a fraction of oligomer in poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl...
A novel type of clickable polymers with a very high local density of allyl side groups was developed. These polymers were obtained by the anionic ring-opening (co)polymerization of diallyl cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate using as an initiating system a protic precursor whose acid–base reaction with the t-BuP 4 phosphazene base generated the initiator in situ. The obtained polymers display geminated...
This article describes a systematic study of ion release, carried out on lanthanide-encoded polystyrene-co-methacrylic acid (P(S-MAA)) and polystyrene-co-acrylic acid (P(S-AA)) copolymer particles, which were synthesized by two-stage or three-stage dispersion polymerizations. These particles with different levels of lanthanide (Ln) ion content and containing several different types of Ln ions were...
Lanthanide-encoded polystyrene microspheres with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a co-monomer and with diameters on the order of 2 μm and a very narrow size distribution were synthesized by two-stage dispersion polymerization (2-DisP). These microspheres were designed as a platform for mass cytometry-based bioassays. Different lanthanides (Ln) were loaded into these microspheres during the synthesis, through...
In this article we use fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to investigate how a classic coalescing aid, such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol™) (TX), acts on the earliest stages of polymer diffusion as the latex film is still drying. In our approach, we temporarily arrest the drying process of a partially wet latex film by sealing it in an airtight chamber previously...
Small amounts of hydrogen-bonding comonomers such as N-(2-methacryloxyethyl)ethylene urea (MEEU) are often included in latex particle synthesis to promote adhesion of latex films to metals and old surfaces. Little is known about how these monomers affect the latex film formation process. Here we examine the influence of 1–7 wt.% MEEU on butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer latex films using...
Single lap shear adhesion measurements on model isotactic polypropylene and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) substrates which sandwich a chlorinated polyolefin (CPO) show similar values of the fracture strength, as determined from the stress at break, but much larger deformation at break for the substrates that contain a copolymer of ethylene with 9wt% butane (EBR9) as an impact modifier. We also found...
The influence of annealing and EBR component in injection-molded thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) plaques on adhesion strength of CPO to TPO was investigated by a lap shear test. The TPO was fabricated as a blend of highly crystalline isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and low crystalline poly(ethylene-butene) impact modifier (EBR28). The CPO was a maleated chlorinated polypropylene containing 21.8wt% Cl...
Fluorescence non-radiative energy transfer experiments were used to study latex blend films composed of high molar mass poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PBA-co-MMA) and much lower molar mass PBA-co-MMA latex of the same chemical composition (50:50 BA:MMA by weight). These blends take advantage of the strong chain length dependence of T g so that the particles consisting of oligomeric...
Poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) latex particles have been copolymerized with new fluorescent naphthalimide dyes by miniemulsion polymerization. A new pair of naphthalimide dye monomers was synthesized and copolymerized with butyl methacrylate (BMA) via miniemulsion polymerization, producing approximately 80nm diameter particles with a narrow size distribution. We were able to prepare polymers with...
High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (HR STEM) measurements were performed on a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) substrate coated with chlorinated polyolefin (CPO). This CPO was a maleated chlorinated polypropylene containing 21.8wt% Cl. The TPO investigated was a blend of high-modulus isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with a crystalline ethylene–butene copolymer (EB9) containing 9wt%...
Free-radical dispersion polymerization of styrene was carried out in ethanol and in ethanol–water mixtures in the absence and presence of carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4 ) as a chain transfer agent. When CBr 4 was present at the onset of the reaction, particles with a broad size distribution were obtained. If, however, the addition of CBr 4 was delayed ca 1h, so that the particle...
Monodisperse controlled micron-sized colored polystyrene particles have been prepared by two-stage dispersion copolymerization with polymerizable dyes. These polymerizable dyes have a methacrylate moiety for copolymerization with styrene and suitable spacers between the dye nucleus and the methacrylate function to promote the solubility of the dye. In the past, various research groups have found that...
A lap-shear test was employed to investigate the failure mechanism of a chlorinated polyolefin (CPO) coating on a high-modulus thermoplastic olefin (TPO) substrate fabricated as a blend of a highly crystalline Ziegler-Natta isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and a crystalline metallocene poly(ethylene–butene) (9wt% butene, EB9) impact modifier. The CPO was a chlorinated polypropylene containing 20wt% Cl...
Analysis of latex blend films, made possible by TappingMode TM atomic force microscopy, has provided insight into the interaction properties of hard and soft latex particles. Looked at in isolation, the hard latex forms a cracked and opaque film with no detectable particle deformation, while the soft latex coalesces into a transparent coating showing small domains with face-centred-cubic...
The response of pyrene-polystyrene-dimethylaniline (Ps-PS-DMA) polymer (M n = 4770) to an externally applied magnetic field has been examined in different solvents. Although the dielectric-constant (ε) effect is similar to that for the unlinked system, a closer look shows an interesting dependence on the nature of the solvent mixture. In pure acetone Δφ/φ is higher than that in a mixed solvent...
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