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The structure and compactness of the passive films on nanocrystalline (NC) and coarse crystalline (CC) 304 stainless steels (SSs) are investigated. A bi-layer passive film composed of an inner Cr2O3-rich layer and an outer Fe2O3-rich layer is obtained on both NC and CC 304SSs. The lower oxide formation potential Uox(Cr) of chromium causes the Cr2O3-rich inner layer to form initially, and when the...
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