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The stochastic Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) system, a non-linear dynamic circuit, is an appealing and non-trivial case in the general theory of dynamical systems. In this paper, the stochastically-influenced PLL system is the subject of investigation in lieu of the noise-free case. Significantly, Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) descriptions refine estimation algorithms, stability conditions and...
The noise-free CMOS inverter is described by a first- order non-linear differential equation that can be regarded as a standard case in electronic circuits from the system-theoretic viewpoint. In lieu of the noise-free CMOS inverter, this paper explains the stochastic CMOS inverter at the low power supply voltage. The method of this paper utilizes the Kolmogorov-Fokker-Planck equation for the noise...
In this paper, we present the noise analysis of simple, but an appealing resistor-capacitor series circuit. As it has found applications in many circuits like RC filter in phase locked loop. The noise originates from the arbitrary thermal motion of carriers and the discreteness of charge. Noise signals are random and must be treated by statistical means. Even though we cannot predict the real noise...
A simple algorithm to improvise the identification of protein coding regions in DNA sequences by period-3 property is presented. Background noise present in the period-3 DNA spectrum has been captured using DFT and notch filter. Elimination of this noise from the DNA spectrum improvised the detection of protein coding regions. Algorithm is data independent as it does not requires the empirical determination...
The next generation of warships might be virtually invisible to the human eye. This can be achieved by painting ships with metamaterial. These materials can bend light around object, making it to appear to an observer as though the waves have passed through empty space. We have developed a method to identify these ships target with the help of image processing. Research on the extraction of ship target...
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