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Growth and characterization of graphene grown using copper foils as well as copper films on silicon dioxide on silicon substrates were performed. Kinetics of growth and effective activation energy for the graphene synthesis will be discussed for the surface catalytic synthesis of graphene. Conditions for large-scale synthesis of monolayer graphene will be addressed in this talk. Wafer-scale graphene...
Cadmium and copper were conjugated to two carrier proteins using bifunctional chelators, including derivatives of ethylenediamine N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid, to make artificial antigens for cadmium and copper. The artificial antigens were identified by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and graphite furnace...
The stress relaxation behavior of copper thin films in electro-thermo-mechanical multiple fields has been studied by a developed wafer-curvature method. Experimental results reveal that the electromigration plays an important role in the relaxation process. At tensile stress state, coupled surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion are the dominant mechanisms even at low temperature. In addition,...
Diamond nucleation on copper (Cu) substrates was investigated by graphite seeding and CO 2 laser irradiation at initial stages of the combustion-flame deposition. A graphite aerosol spray was used to generate a thin layer of graphite powders (less than 1μm) on Cu substrates. The graphite-seeded Cu substrates were then heated by a continuous CO 2 laser to about 750°C within 1min. It...
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