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Characteristic Raman vibration modes of niobium-doped lead zirconate titanate (PNZT) are studied as a function of ferroelectric domain switching. The microstructure of PNZT is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Ferroelectric switching is achieved by applying voltages between the top (Au) and bottom (Pt) electrodes, while acquiring the Raman spectra in situ. Vibrational...
Thermal programmed desorption (TPD) of hydrogen was performed in Pd and 5% Ru–Pd foils. The foils were inspected with Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Ar ion-sputter cleaned. Hydrogen dosage was 1000L at 10 −3 Pa. Hydrogen evolving from Pd (TPD curves) was 12 times larger than for the 5% Ru–Pd foil. A 1.8μm thick Ru–Pd surface alloy was grown on the surface of Pd and the TPD curves were very...
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