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Inappropriate activation of intestinal innate immune receptors, such as toll‐like receptors (TLRs), by pathogenic bacteria is linked to chronic inflammation. In contrast, a “tonic” level of TLR activation by commensal bacteria is required for intestinal homeostasis. A technical challenge when studying this activation in vitro is the co‐culturing of oxygen‐requiring mammalian cells with obligate anaerobic...
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an abundant member of the human commensal microbiota, has been proposed to have a protective role in the intestine. However, it is an obligate anaerobe, difficult to co‐culture in viable form with oxygen‐requiring intestinal cells. To overcome this limitation, a unique apical anaerobic model of the intestinal barrier, which enabled co‐culture of live obligate anaerobes...
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