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Exact analysis of step discontinuity of 3-D optical waveguide is important for exact design of optical integrated circuit. Mode theory is introduced to derive the equivalent network in lateral direction and that in waveguide direction. The former is used to calculate waveguide propagation mode, which leads to the equivalent network along waveguide direction. The latter is used for field analysis of...
In this study, we have developed a three-dimensional finite element method for solving the equations of electrical and thermal flows. The 3D analysis of bulk material and wire array element was demonstrated, and electrical potential and temperature distributions were calculated in thermoelectric elements of bulk bismuth and wire array structures for various boundary conditions. The influence of wire...
Figures of merit, ZT have been measured by the improved Harman method on Bi-microwire arrays, where the diameter of the microwire is changed from 6 mum to 50 mum. The ZT values are widely distributed among the several arrays, on the contrary to those for the bulk samples. Clear correlation between the microwire diameters and ZT cannot be seen among the measured arrays. Quite large ZT of 0.287 was...
Geometrical dependence of the magnetoresistivity using polycrystalline bismuth microwire array was measured under magnetic fields of 0-2 T at temperatures of 50-300 K, and its diameter of prepared microwire arrays were 10 and 25 mum. Aspect ratio, defined by wire length divided by the diameter, was determined for the wire array since both edges of all wires were attached to Ti thin film layer in order...
Contact resistance at the terminations of bismuth wire array of 25 mum diameter is reduced by ion plating of a titanium interlayer 100 nm upon the wire ends. 1,000 nm-thick copper electrodes are ion plated upon the titanium. Copper probe electrodes are then attached using Pb-Sn solder. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient and resistance are measured upon heating from 25 K to 300 K...
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