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White etching crack (WEC) formation beneath the contact surface in steel rolling element bearings causes a premature wear failure mode called white structure flaking (WSF). The drivers and initiation mechanisms are contested. Extensive work previously conducted by the authors showed strong evidence for one mechanism of WEC initiation being subsurface at inclusions. This paper conducts further work...
White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) formed in the 1mm zone beneath the contact surface. Hydrogen release and diffusion into the bearing steel during operation and transient operating conditions have been suggested as drivers of WSF. The presence of diffusible hydrogen in steel under rolling contact...
Premature wind turbine gearbox bearing failures in the form of white structure flaking (WSF) can occur in as little as 6–24 months of operation. WSF is not fully understood but is thought to be due to hydrogen release and diffusion into the bearing steel and/or transient operating conditions not fully understood. The initiation mechanisms of white etching cracks (WECs) are contested, where amongst...
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