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A flat and low profile, wideband and high gain Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Transmission Line (TL) Butler Matrix (BM) beamforming network (BFN) for beamforming and beam-steering applications at 28 GHz (5G) is presented in this paper. Four distinct beams steering between −35° to 35° with sidelobe and return-loss level below −10 dB are generated by connecting the proposed BFN to microstrip antennas...
A low profile, wideband and high gain Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Transmission Line (TL) Butler Matrix (BM) beamforming network (BFN) for beamforming and beam-steering applications at 28 GHz (5G) is presented in this paper. Four distinct beams steering between −50° to 50° with sidelobe and return-loss level below −10 dB are generated by connecting the proposed BFN to microstrip antennas forming...
In this paper elimination of limit cycle in an unexcited Van der Pol system is done by stabilizing it asymptotically about the origin in a global sense. Fuzzy supported pole placement and linear quadratic regulator control is designed and verified to eliminate the limit cycle with a significantly smaller magnitude of the controller instantaneous input effort thus minimizing the actuator saturation...
This paper presents an insight on the recently developed antenna pattern measurement system at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan. Microwave Components and Devices (MCAD) research group at CIIT has been involved in antenna focused research activities but unavailability of anechoic chamber to measure radiation patterns has remained a huge handicap. In this regard...
There is scant data regarding thresholds for intraoperative hypo tension (IOH) in children less than 1 year of age. We used anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) data to develop reference values for normal per operative blood pressures (BPs) and IOH in the infant population undergoing thoracic surgery. Manipulating large data sets such as AIMS vital sign data can be challenging, thus, we...
The objective of this work is to use the concept of energy harvesting i.e. to receive Radio Frequency (RF) and Microwave signals present in the atmosphere and converting these signals into DC, in order to store it or power some circuit like charging a mobile. To implement this concept, an antenna is required to capture RF and microwave frequencies of GSM and WiFi signals in the surrounding. Designing...
Wearable sensors in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) provide health and physical activity monitoring. Modern communication systems have extended this monitoring remotely. In this survey, various types of wearable sensors discussed, their medical applications like ECG, EEG, blood pressure, detection of blood glucose level, pulse rate, respiration rate and non medical applications like daily exercise...
Fires are very dangerous and detrimental to life, property, and the environment. They spread rapidly and indiscriminately obliterate all things in their path. Fighting fires entails undeniable danger to life and the majority of suppression systems used to control them is at a broad-spectrum or macro scale. We present the design, fabrication, and testing of an autonomous fire extinguishing system....
Green communication aims to reduce the overall energy consumption and to optimize the system capacity. In 3G cellular networks, power consumption of all Node-B's is same for low traffic time as well as high traffic time. In this paper, power consumption of 3G cellular networks is reduced by forming a power efficient dynamic topology based on Node-B's. In a 24 hour period, there is certain length of...
The structural similarity (SSIM) index has been shown to be a good perceptual image quality predictor. In many real-world applications such as network visual communications, however, SSIM is not applicable because its computation requires full access to the original image. Here we propose a reduced-reference approach that estimates SSIM with only partial information about the original image. Specifically,...
This paper presents a novel algorithm to resolve an open problem to correctly locating letter boundaries in off-line unconstrained cursive handwritten word images. The proposed algorithm is based on vertical contour analysis. Following preprocessing, during the course of pre-segmentation vertical contours are analyzed from right to left. Furthermore to improve accuracy of segmentation, trained ANN...
Automatic fingerprint recognition has received considerable attention over the past decades. Progress has been made on models of the structures of fingerprints, techniques for acquisition of prints, and the developments of commercial automated fingerprint identification systems. Despite these advances, there remain considerable opportunities for improvements. The speed of retrieval and the ability...
This paper presents an intelligent technique for segmentation of off-line cursive handwritten words particularly on touching characters problem. In this study, Self Organizing Feature Maps (SOM) is implemented to identify the touching portion of the cursive words. The image of the connected characters is preprocessed and the core-zone is detected to overcome ascender and descender of the touched character...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze improved performance of our segmentation algorithm on IAM benchmark database in comparison to others available in the literature from accuracy and complexity points of view. Segmentation is achieved by analyzing ligatures which are strong points for segmentation of cursive handwritten words. Following preprocessing, a new heuristic technique is employed to over-segment...
In PWM, harmonic elimination has been achieved traditionally through solution of non-linear equations for switching angles and practically implemented by storing offline calculated solutions in ROM and then reading them in real time. This imposes large memory problems for systems like AC machines requiring flexibility both in amplitude and frequency. A modified carrier based naturally sampled PWM...
In PWM, harmonie elimination has been achieved traditionally through solution of non-linear equations for switching angles and practically implemented by storing offline calculated solutions in ROM and then reading them in real time. This imposes large memory problems for systems like ac. machines requiring flexibility both in amplitude and frequency. A modified carrier based naturally sampled PWM...
Mass-sensitive devices in combination with artificial receptors such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) lead to rugged systems withstanding adverse environments. An example are titanate sol-gel materials, which can be directly exposed to automotive engine oils for incorporating oxidized base oil components. In a similar way, QCM arrays equipped with a heating coil can be utilized for operating...
Multimedia applications require certain QoS guarantees in order to function properly. This is especially true when these applications need to run on MANeTs (mobile ad hoc networks). The movement of mobile nodes in MANeTs is not controlled rather it is random and unpredictable. Due to this dynamic topology multimedia applications cannot rely solely on traditional routing protocols to provide services...
In this paper, a wavelet-based surface defect detection of optical fiber ferrules is proposed. Surface defects on optical fiber connectors can be damaging to passing signals when coupled with other connectors. Our quality control enhancement work is a visual control stage, using magnified images, whereby morphological operations segment the image and wavelet transforms then detect defects on optical...
This paper compares technology for two structures of cascaded multilevel converter for 11kV and 33kV distribution networks on the basis of power losses in IGBT. First, is traditional cascaded converter which has equal-sized cells in its chain and the other is the recently proposed chain with a ternary relationship between its dc-link voltages. Models with 81 and 27 levels are developed for both kinds...
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