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Adsorbed methane makes up a large portion of the total shale gas-in-place (GIP) resource in deep shale formations. In order to accurately estimate the shale GIP resource, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the adsorbed methane quantity and the free methane quantity of shale gas in shale formations (under high pressure conditions). This work describes and accurately predicts high...
The characteristics of the pore structure of rice husk char during high-temperature steam gasification was investigated in a fixed bed gasifier. The raw rice husk was heated to various temperatures (600–1400°C) to generate rice husk char. The yield of rice husk char decreases with char generation temperature. Carbon conversion rate of rice husk char after steam gasification decreases significantly...
The influence of the extraction solvents on the yields of the product fractions and on the composition of the bio-oils obtained from the hydrothermal processing of duckweed at 350°C for 30min was investigated. Ten solvents were employed including polar solvents (isopropanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, dichloroethane, benzene, carbon disulfide) and nonpolar solvents (cyclohexane,...
Particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed on an industrial boiler (3MW) that burned various blends of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal. Blends with high-Cl coal mass fractions of 30%, 50% and 70% were fired during the sampling. The results showed that both the ultrafine PM yield and its Cl content increased when blends with a higher fraction of high-Cl coal were burned. To clarify the effects of...
To investigate the fuel nitrogen conversion during rapid pyrolysis, the tests with Genesee bituminous coal and Petroleum coke were accomplished under N2 and CO2 atmosphere in a fixed bed reactor equipped with a Fourier transform infrared analyzer. The samples were analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the fuel nitrogen conversion mechanism during rapid pyrolysis. Furthermore,...
Cotton stalk (CS) is a potential biomass for bioethanol production, but the direct conversion without pretreatment always results in an extremely low yield because of the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose. In this study, the effects of various methods, i.e. dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment (DSAP), ultrasound-assisted alkali pretreatment (UAAP), and high pressure-assisted alkali pretreatment (HPAP),...
Improving the flow ability at a low temperature is vital for the utilization and popularization of biodiesel. The cold flow properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel–0# diesel blends with poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) pour point depressants were studied. Here results showed that B20 (20vol.% biodiesel-80vol.% diesel) treated with 400ppm PAO exhibited the best depression in cloud point, cold filter plugging...
In this paper, the PetroOXY method has been mainly used to determine the oxidation stability of biodiesel stabilized with five synthetic antioxidants. The differences in the antioxidant activity of these phenolic compounds could be clearly distinguished with this method. Pyrogallol (PY) and propyl gallate (PG) prove more efficient in inhibiting biodiesel oxidative degradation than butylated hydroxyanisol...
A comprehensive model with time limited wall reaction was developed for the simulation of complex gas particle molten slag three-phase reactions and flow processes in an entrained flow gasifier. Promotional conversion rate, wall reaction time and particle size/density evolution have been considered in the wall reaction model. In order to validate the proposed model, an industrial single swirling burner...
The effect of preparation method on the catalytic behavior of Cu based composite oxide catalysts for steam reforming of methanol (SRM) has been deeply investigated in this work. The catalyst synthesized by active carbon co-nanocasting technique (CuZnAlZrGa-A) exhibited a satisfactory activity which showed ∼86.1% methanol conversion, 74.6mol% H2 concentration while no detectable CO was formed at 275°C...
Oxygen-enriched circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology is considered as one of the low carbon emission power generation technologies. By recycling the flue gas into the furnace, the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas can reach over 90%. The coal ignition temperature and ignition characteristics are important factors for boiler design and for choosing the feeding temperature during the transition...
Coal has a heterogenous porosity that influences its specific surface area (SSA) and CH4 adsorption and desorption. However, the pore size distribution obtained with N2 adsorption is only reliable at pore sizes >2nm omitting the important contribution of micropore (<2nm). Here, 13 coal samples from three series were measured by both the N2 at 77K and CO2 at 273K, respectively, to compared the...
Hindered diffusion of sulfur-containing compounds in Venezuela atmospheric residue fractions through pore of polycarbonate membranes was investigated by using a diaphragm cell at 298K. The results confirmed that residue fractions are all polydispersive mixtures. The sizes of membrane pore and fractions are the principal factors to diffusivities. In contrast to four fractions obtained by SFEF (supercritical...
This paper describes the synthesis of a series of Ni based Al-MCM-41 oxygen carriers with and without Ce promoter and their application in chemical looping steam reforming of glycerol. The Al-MCM-41 is derived from montmorillonite. The oxygen carriers were prepared by direct-synthesis and post-synthesis method. A variety of technologies including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD),...
There is limited literature available regarding the spray collapse process and the characteristics of flash boiling spray near the critical location of the nozzle exit, even though flash boiling has been proven to produce finer fuel spray with much improved vaporizing quality, and liquid fuel atomizes quickly soon after it is discharged from the nozzle. In this study, the near-nozzle fuel spray of...
Studies on primary breakup of diesel spray under room temperature (25°C) and low temperature (−2°C), were carried out by mass flow rate measurement and microscopic imaging. It was shown that under low injection pressure and low temperature, raised viscosity and surface tension caused slower penetration and poorer breakup. Under high injection pressure, higher chances of mushroom formation under low...
Ethyl esters have been considered as promising second-generation biofuel candidates, due to the available production from low grade biomass waste. Furthermore, with desirable energy densities, emissions performance, low solubility and higher Research Octane Number (RON), ethyl esters have proven attractive as fuel additives or alternatives for gasoline. In this study, high-speed schlieren photography...
A novel method using the co-pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and biomass wastes (wood and paper) was adopted to synthesize chlorine on the surface of the char, and the synthesized Cl-Char composite was tested for removal of elemental mercury as a sorbent. The mercury removal efficiency of Cl-Char was much higher than that of raw char (2.5–5 times) and reached nearly 90% at 140°C. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller...
The adsorption performances of multilayer graphyne-n (n=1–3) nanostructures (abbreviated as MGN-n) for pure H2S, CH4 and their mixture are explored by the Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations combined with ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The effects of pressure, temperature, gaseous composition and content of pre-adsorbed water on the adsorption and separation behaviors are examined...
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