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A controlled quantum secure direct communication and authentication protocol is proposed with a quantum one-time pad based on five-particle cluster state. Photon 4 in each five-particle cluster state is sent to the controller as permission. Unitary operation I (U) on photon 4 according to identity-string of the receiver is used to forbid the controller to deduce secret message. The classical XOR operation...
A quantum secure direct communication and authentication protocol is proposed by using single photons. An information transmission is completed by sending photons once in quantum channel, which improves the efficiency without losing the security. The protocol encodes identity-string of the receiver as single photons sequence, which acts as detection sequence and implements authentication. Before secret...
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