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Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a swarm-based search method. Multiple ant agents search various solutions and their searches focus on around good solutions by positive feedback mechanism based on pheromone communication. ACO is effective for combinatorial optimization problems. The attempt of applying ACO to automatic programming has been studied in recent years. As one of the attempts, we have previously...
Ant Programming (AP) is an automatic programming method, which combines tree-structural representations of Genetic Programming (GP) and search mechanism by pheromone communications of ants in Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). In AP, a single prototype tree, in which respective nodes have different pheromone tables, is prepared, and an ant searches solutions under the prototype tree. The structure of...
Genetic Programming (GP) is an evolutionary method for generating tree structural programs. Normal subtree crossover in GP randomly selects a crossover point in each parental tree, and offspring are created by exchanging the selected subtrees. In the normal crossover, it is difficult to control the global and local search because the similarity between the subtrees is not considered. In this paper,...
Genetic Programming (GP) is well-known as an evolutionary method for automatic programming. GP can optimize tree-structural programs. Cartesian GP (CGP) is one of the extensions of GP, which generates the graph structural programs. By using the graph structure, the solutions can be represented by more compact programs. Therefore, CGP is widely applied to the various problems. As a different approach...
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