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Driven by the energy consumption concerns, renewable energy harvesting is introduced to reduce the energy demand from the traditional power grid. As a key technology of wireless communications, heterogeneous networks can achieve the spectrum and energy efficiency by deploying various low transmit power base stations, which provide an ideal scenario to utilize the renewable energy harvesting to supply...
This letter focuses on the spectrum efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) of $K$-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets), in which massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is employed in the macro cells. We consider the impact of massive MIMO on flexible cell association. We develop an analytical approach to examine SE and EE of HetNets. We confirm that using flexible cell association can...
This paper exploits the potential of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in K-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs), to enhance the data rate for 5G. In such a network, macro base stations (MBSs) are equipped with large number of antennas and support multi-user transmission. We first examine the impact of massive MIMO on user association in K-tier HCNs. Exact and asymptotic expressions...
Base station (BS) sleeping has been proved to be an effective technique for saving energy consumption in cellular networks. However, BSs in sleeping mode might cause coverage holes, which have a negative impact on the connectivity of the network. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a combined coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and BS sleeping scheme under the heterogeneous networks...
In wireless networks, it is of great significance to balance power consumption and network quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an optimal user association algorithm for delay and power consumption tradeoffs in HetNets with hybrid energy sources. In the considered HetNets, all the base stations (BSs) are assumed powered by a combination of power grid and renewable energy sources, in...
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