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S-Parameters are the most common way to describe electrical behavior of linear electric networks. However, any available S-Parameters that is available for describing a physical system is not perfectly accurate and does not describe it comprehensively. It becomes important to be able to estimate the quality of existing data in order to achieve reliability of the results and conclusions developed based...
In the present work different methods for delay causality checking and/or enforcing are described. Group delay, phase delay and front delay concepts are discussed and front delay usage for causality checking is suggested. Front delay is approximated as a minimum of a phase delay in the given frequency range for band-limited transfer function. Since measured data usually misses DC values, simple and...
Checking and enforcing causality of simulated or measured system data is a crucial step for obtaining valid results. Previously, several methods for both frequency and time domain have been proposed. This paper explores the time domain causality enforcement method, its effect on the frequency domain transfer function, and proposes modification of the recursive convolution algorithm for impulse responses...
System-level modeling requires cascading frequency domain characteristics of the subparts of the system. It can only be done if the data is given in the same frequency samples. Since often it is not the case, interpolation has to be done to reduce the data to the same frequency points. Incorrect interpolation might create nonsense artifacts, especially if the model includes a long structure. In the...
In the present work causality property and physics behind it is analyzed for physical systems. Different methodologies for checking or enforcing causality in both time and frequency domain are discussed. Causality metric for measuring causality violation is introduced. Physical anomaly of a system with perfectly linear phase is discussed and shown that small perturbation of non-linear portion of the...
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