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Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) are used in the end-cap region of the Muon spectrometer for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The nominal gas mixture contains 40% Ar, 50% CO2 and 10% CF4. The main function of CF4 is to prevent polymerisation processes that would result on deposits on the wires as proved by long-term ageing tests performed during the past few...
Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) cover a surface of about 4000 m2, equivalent to 16 m3 of gas volume both in ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The use of a relatively expensive Freon (R134a) - based gas mixture makes unavoidable their operation in closed-loop gas systems. It has been observed that the return gas of RPCs operated in background conditions similar to those...
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