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In order to predict the battery remaining discharge energy in electric vehicles, an accurate onboard battery model is needed for the terminal voltage and state of charge (SOC) estimation in the whole SOC range. However, the commonly-used equivalent circuit model (ECM) provides limited accuracy in low-SOC area, which hinders the full use of battery remaining energy. To improve the low-SOC-area performance,...
Lithium-ion battery model is critical for voltage and state of charge (SOC) determination, and the equivalent circuit model (ECM) is frequently implemented in real -time cases due to low complexity, but the low-SOC-area performance requires improvement. This paper introduces an enhanced equivalent circuit model (EECM) based on electrochemical analysis, in which the surface SOC (SOCsurf) reflects the...
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