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Recognition of DNA by the innate immune system is central to antiviral and antibacterial defenses, as well as an important contributor to autoimmune diseases involving self DNA. AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) and IFI16 (interferon-inducible protein 16) have been identified as DNA receptors that induce inflammasome formation and interferon production, respectively. Here we present the crystal structures...
Although Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been implicated in cytokine and type I interferon (IFN) production during malaria in humans and mice, the high AT content of the Plasmodium falciparum genome prompted us to examine the possibility that malarial DNA triggered TLR9-independent pathways. Over 6000 ATTTTTAC (“AT-rich”) motifs are present in the genome of P. falciparum, which we show here potently...
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is used to detect the complex of protein and nonradioisotope-labeled probe qualitatively. In this paper, we describe a modified quantitative EMSA, which uses biotin-labeled RNA in the complex formation. The RNA-protein complex is separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary transferred to a positively charged nylon membrane. It is then detected...
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