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Cognitive networks become hotspot in the field of network research recently. It is considered a valid solution for heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose a new architecture of cognitive networks and divide its cognitive capabilities into three sub-layers named access cognitive layer, network cognitive layer and service cognitive layer. The aim of the design is to implement cognitive capabilities...
In this article, a simple printed monopole antenna for dual-band WLAN applications in IEEE 802.11 b/g/a systems is presented. The proposed antenna with microstrip-fed structure is compact, which has a total size of only 18 mm × 28 mm × 1 mm. An experimental prototype has been fabricated and tested. The measured results show good dual-band operations with -10 dB impedance bandwidths of 9.1% and 36...
In this paper, historical background and fundamental concept of chopper stabilized amplifiers are introduced. Then effects of noise and residual offset are analyzed. Several techniques to reduce the residual offset are proposed. Also some of the disadvantages of chopper stabilization technique, as compared to correlated double sampling technique, are stated. Applications of chopper stabilized amplifiers,...
Continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulators are able to operate at higher frequencies than their discrete-time counterparts. However, they suffer more severely from non-idealities such as clock jitter. A method for measuring this clock jitter has been proposed. Moreover, the effect of the non-ideality are explained and a continuous-time to discrete-time conversion method is presented in order to aid in...
In this paper a micro-strip patch antenna for UHF band RFID reader with a center frequency of 2.45 GHz is present. The proposed antenna is a single feed circularly polarized metallic patch and has a simple structure, it has corner truncated square patch, ground plane and a probe feed. The patch antenna is printed on Rogers R04003 material with dielectric constant of 3.38 and dielectric loss tangent...
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