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For creating welding joints in reactive metals such as in aluminum or magnesium using tungsten inert gas (AC-TIG) welding method the alternating current (AC) is passed from the electrode to work piece. Creation of proper and reliable and desirable rectangular shape AC current waveform across the arc gap causes large voltage stress (during transition) across all secondary side components of the equipment...
Sustained research on an engineering invention gives birth to innovative products. For its success, the adoption and subsequent diffusion of those products should be natural process. In spite of continued research over last several decades the adoption of sliding mode controllers is virtually non-existent. Continuous improvement in feedback, actuation, means of actuation etc. has ensured effectiveness...
Parametric variations, slow and fast disturbances, and nonlinearity are inherently present in abundance in all types of arc-welding processes, and shielded metal arc-welding (SMAW) process is no exception. PI has remained, for decades, a dominating control idea for control of all arc-welding processes. Its replacement by superior control concept is long overdue particularly for handling parametric...
Vacuum Interrupters use a metallic cylinder to shield the ceramic from the metal vapor during arcing. Rightly so, this metallic cylinder is termed as “shield” or “arcing shield” or “vapor condensing shield”. This shield plays an equally important role in the high voltage performance of the vacuum interrupter. The number, position, dimensions and profiles of these shields govern the electrostatic field...
Vacuum Interrupters could be connected in series to increase the voltage withstand capacity. This series connected vacuum interrupters would especially be useful for application of vacuum circuit breakers at transmission voltages (145 kV, 245 kV). An important aspect of series connected vacuum interrupters is sharing of voltage across the two gaps. This paper presents results of power frequency and...
Monitoring neonatal EEG signal is useful in identifying neonatal convulsions or seizures. For neonates, seizures can be electrographic, electro clinical, or both simultaneously. Electrographic seizure is identified via recorded EEG signal, while electro clinical seizures exhibit clinical manifestations. Sometimes neonates can exhibit silent seizures which may be clinically invisible but identifiable...
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