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In this paper small-signal model of a symmetrical clamped mode controlled series-series compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system has been derived using the extended describing function (EDF) method. The derived model has duty cycle, input voltage and switching frequency as control variables and an output voltage as an output variable. A voltage controller has been designed for symmetrical...
Ultracapacitors (UCs) are the significant component of the energy storage systems (ESS) in the electric traction applications. In the field of electric transportation the UCs need to be modeled dynamically in order to capture real-time characteristics. The model should provide precise estimation of UC responses to various charge/discharge conditions and also predict the behavior of UCs under varied...
While current-mode control of dc–dc converters provides numerous benefits over voltage-mode control, previous models of the control strategy have been limited to the form of classical control models. Through the use of a state-space averaged (SSA) model of current-mode control, both the open-loop and closed-loop circuit parameters of open-loop control-to-output frequency response, conducted susceptibility,...
In order to capture real-time characteristics of ultracapacitors (UCs), especially for electric transportation applications, they need to be modeled dynamically. Dynamic models provide accurate estimation of UC charge/discharge responses to varied inputs. Dynamic models are useful in predicting the behavior of UCs under varied load conditions. Also, it is critical to build an accurate UC model, which...
Environmental concerns and rising oil prices have contributed of development and commercialization of electric (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). They are emerging the market with rapid pace and very soon the supporting equipment will be necessary. As a part of that, the EV charging stations are maybe the most important ring in the chain of complete transportation system's replacement. The EV...
For the last two decades, significant improvements in charging technologies have been made. Moreover, novel applications have been proposed and tested, obtaining important and promising results. Inductive charging for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is one of them. Because of the positive impact that this technology represents, it is important to understand the general characteristics...
Batteries play a critical role in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Plug-In HEV (PHEV) as one of the main energy sources because of their high energy density. Therefore, for designing purposes suitable battery models are necessary. Batteries have very nonlinear behavior and are dependent on many factors such as chemistry, temperature, load profile, charge/discharge algorithm, age, etc. Modeling the...
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