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Graphitization of carbon materials plays an important role their microstructures and conductivity, and then influences their applications. However, the graphitization of hydrothermal carbon spheres (CSs) has not systemically investigated heretofore. The CSs with 60–250 nm in diameter were prepared from aqueous glucose solution by hydrothermal carbonization, and were treated at the high temperatures...
Linear carbon chains (LCCs) consisting of sp-hybridized carbon atoms are considered a fascinating 1D system and could be used in the fabrication of the next-generation molecular devices because of its ideal linear atomic nature. A large portion of long LCCs inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by atmospheric arc discharge in the presence of boron. Closed-end growth of MWCNTs...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) nanohybrids have been synthesized through the controlled decoration of CNTs by PbS-QDs by means of the pulsed laser deposition technique. The size of the PbS-QDs and their surface coverage of the CNTs' surface are monitored through the number of laser ablation pulses. Here, while comparing both single-walled (SW) and double-walled (DW)...
We report a bimetallic Zn/Al complex as an efficient inorganic dispersant for SWCNT, synthesized from Zn(CH3COO)2 and Al(NO3)3. The Zn/Al complex shows more than four times greater efficiency at dispersing SWCNT than widely used surfactants (CTAB and SDS). Besides remarkable dispersibility, the Zn/Al complex does not foam upon any shaking treatment and it can be used just after quick dissolution of...
Recently, graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) composites have attracted great interest of scientists and exhibited fascinating properties even better than they could on their own. Here, we have synthesized the graphenated CNTs (g-CNTs), one of graphene–CNT composites, from waste rice husk (RH) by one-step microwave plasma irradiation (MPI) process. The RH-derived g-CNTs were composed of graphene standing...
We report on the use of pulsed KrF-laser irradiation for the in situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) films under both vacuum and partial hydrogen pressure. By exposing GO films to 500 pulses of a KrF-laser, at a fluence of 10mJ/cm2, their sheet resistance (Rs) is dramatically reduced from highly insulating (∼1010Ω/sq) to conductive values of ∼3kΩ/sq. By increasing the laser fluence, from 10 to 75mJ/cm...
The first- and second-order Raman spectra of carbon nano-onions (CNOs), produced via annealing of detonation nanodiamonds with a mean grain size of ∼5nm in the argon ambience at the maximal temperature of annealing process (T MAX ) varying from 1500 to 2150°C, are analyzed together with the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The combined analysis provides a deep...
We report the synthesis of high purity double-wall carbon nanotubes encapsulating GdCl 3 nanowires (GdCl 3 @DWCNTs). The obtained GdCl 3 @DWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. TEM measurements show that GdCl 3 impurities were absent on the exterior of the tubes...
Techniques for the structural and morphological characterization of carbon materials using microscopy and image processing are reviewed. These techniques are high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), three dimensional transmission electron microscopy (3D-TEM) and two dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT). They are applied to the structural analysis of carbon nanotubes loaded...
We performed high temperature heat-treatment to remove metallic impurities from carbon nanoscrolls and evaluated their structures. It was found from elemental analysis that samples heat-treated above 1500°C had been effectively purified, and became free of metallic species. In addition, the amount of oxygen was reduced to about 2at.%. Further analysis revealed that interlayer distance became 0.336nm...
We present the study on the structure and adsorption properties of reduced graphene oxide subjected to thermal treatment in temperature range of 1100–2000°C under flowing argon. The morphology and composition analyses reveal that the defective carbon materials remaining after volatilization of oxygen and hydrogen rearrange into highly ordered hexagonal carbon layers during thermal treatment at 2000°C...
Metallic-impurity-free, nano-sized, short multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the form of a tape have been synthesized using stabilized arc discharge under atmospheric conditions. The long, thin tape consisted of crystalline MWCNTs exhibiting indiscernibly blurred interior lattice images and a narrow, hollow core, as well as small and large nanoparticles. The disordered interior regions of the...
The effects of two different halogen dopants (bromine and iodine) at different concentrations on the higher frequency modes (the so-called G and G′ bands) of the Raman spectra of double-wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT) “buckypaper” are investigated. The effects of dopants on different DWCNT configurations (metallic inner/semiconducting outer and vice versa) are studied by changing the laser excitation...
A simple but effective way of producing short cup-stacked carbon nanotubes with high quality is demonstrated using sonication in an ethanol/distilled water mixture. The substantial removal of amorphous carbon deposited on the truncated conical layer-stacked nanotubes by controlled air oxidation was a critical precondition to cut the nanotubes without substantial structural degradation. The short nanotubes...
The longstanding question as to whether carbon nanotubes are intrinsically toxic hinders their widespread industrial application. Here, we clarify the effect of impurities within such tubes through systemic studies of immunological responses in mice by monitoring and examining changes in peripheral T-cell subset and peripheral cytokine levels and histology. Contaminated and clean tubes were subcutaneously...
Recent findings of extremely small diameter carbon nanotube and nanowire in the core of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) have attracted interests from broad range of researchers. Direct observation of carbon nanotube is usually done using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). When nanotubes become smaller, it becomes harder to correctly understand the TEM images, not only because of the...
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